Anode-support system for the direct electrorefining of cement copper Part II: Process conditions using a circular cell with vertical rotary cathode

1995 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gana ◽  
M. Figueroa ◽  
L. Kattan ◽  
I. Moller ◽  
M.A. Esteso
1999 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gana ◽  
M. Figueroa ◽  
V. Arancibia ◽  
M. Baeza

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Figueroa ◽  
R. E. Gana ◽  
W. C. Cooper ◽  
J. Ji

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gana ◽  
M. Figueroa ◽  
L. Kattan ◽  
S. Castro

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (24) ◽  
pp. 4674-4678 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abdulkarem ◽  
E.A. Ammar ◽  
Y. Ying ◽  
L.J. Lin
Keyword(s):  

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Gana ◽  
M. G. Figueroa ◽  
L. Kattan ◽  
J. M. Orpinas

Author(s):  
V. C. Kannan ◽  
A. K. Singh ◽  
R. B. Irwin ◽  
S. Chittipeddi ◽  
F. D. Nkansah ◽  
...  

Titanium nitride (TiN) films have historically been used as diffusion barrier between silicon and aluminum, as an adhesion layer for tungsten deposition and as an interconnect material etc. Recently, the role of TiN films as contact barriers in very large scale silicon integrated circuits (VLSI) has been extensively studied. TiN films have resistivities on the order of 20μ Ω-cm which is much lower than that of titanium (nearly 66μ Ω-cm). Deposited TiN films show resistivities which vary from 20 to 100μ Ω-cm depending upon the type of deposition and process conditions. TiNx is known to have a NaCl type crystal structure for a wide range of compositions. Change in color from metallic luster to gold reflects the stabilization of the TiNx (FCC) phase over the close packed Ti(N) hexagonal phase. It was found that TiN (1:1) ideal composition with the FCC (NaCl-type) structure gives the best electrical property.


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