The “efferent copy” hypothesis in saccadic programming in cats

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-464
Author(s):  
B. M. Sheliga ◽  
V. V. Shul'govskii ◽  
S. K. Prokof'ev ◽  
A. É. Kustov ◽  
A. A. Moskvitin
Keyword(s):  
Efferent Copy

Efferent Copy

2016 ◽  
pp. 139-156
Author(s):  
Mark L. Latash ◽  
Vladimir M. Zatsiorsky
Keyword(s):  
Efferent Copy

Efferent Copy and Voluntary Eyecup Movement in the Crab, Carcinus

1968 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
G. A. HORRIDGE ◽  
M. BURROWS
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Relative Motion ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Efferent Copy ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Simultaneous Oscillation ◽  
Forced Movement

1. Use is made of the fact that a freely moving blind eyecup is driven by movement perceived by the opposite seeing eye when the crab is in an optomotor drum. 2. Forced extension of the seeing eyecup causes movement of the other blinded eyecup in the opposite direction, because it is driven by the perceived relative motion. 3. Voluntary extension of the seeing eyecup causes no movement of the other blinded eyecup, although simultaneous oscillation of a striped drum round the crab is seen perfectly. 4. Preventing voluntary extension of the seeing eyecup with a mechanical stop causes no movement of the other, blinded, eyecup. 5. With both eyes blinded, or with the crab in the dark, voluntary or forced movement of one eyecup causes no movement of the other. 6. This behaviour is that expected of an animal which can retract and extend either eyecup in the light or in the dark without disturbing the other, but no simple model is compatible with all the experiments.

Depth Perception during Diplopia is Direct

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1225-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn R Ziegler ◽  
Robert F Hess
Keyword(s):  
Depth Perception ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Muscle Proprioception ◽  
Efferent Copy

Although depth is experienced with targets at large disparities when they are seen as double or diplopic, whether that depth is as direct as with fused targets has been a matter of considerable uncertainty. Researchers have often claimed that judgments of the depth of diplopic targets during simple near/far tasks rely upon indirect associations with eye-muscle proprioception or a copy of the vergence drive signal. We designed a four-alternative task that could not be performed without a direct appreciation of depth. Observers judged the depths of each of two Gabor stereo pairs presented simultaneously. Disparities were always above each observer's measured diplopia threshold. The signs of the disparities were varied independently and observers reported the perceived depth near and far for each target. Our results demonstrate conclusively that depth during diplopia requires neither proprioception nor an efferent copy but is direct.

Sense of effort revisited: Relative contributions of sensory feedback and efferent copy

2014 ◽  
Vol 561 ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Scotland ◽  
Diane E. Adamo ◽  
Bernard J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Feedback ◽  
Sense Of Effort ◽  
Efferent Copy

The Contribution of Efferent Copy to a Mirror Illusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Tajima ◽  
Tota Mizuno ◽  
Yuichiro Kume ◽  
Takako Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Efferent Copy

Distortions of the Efferent Copy during Force Perception: A Study of Force Drifts and Effects of Muscle Vibration

Neuroscience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Cristian Cuadra ◽  
Jacob Corey ◽  
Mark L. Latash
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Vibration ◽  
Force Perception ◽  
Efferent Copy
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