On some unknown results related to the nontrivial properties of ordinary triangles. Part 1

В работе приведено подробное решение множества оригинальных задач, сформулированых в свое время Б. П. Федоровым, и относящихся к разнообразным нетривиальным свойствам евклидовых треугольников. При изложении материала используется некоторая общепринятая, но не слишком распространенная в современных учебниках по геометрии терминология, необходимая для понимания и более углубленного восприятия описанных в работе задач. In this paper, it was given a detailed solution of many original problems, formulated by Fedorov B. P. some time ago. These problems belong to the various nontrivial properties of Euclidean triangles. When presenting the material, it has been used some universally accepted, but not very popular in modern textbooks on geometry terminology, which is nesessary for understanding and in-depth perception of the problems described in the paper.

An Interdisciplinary Approach to Improve Head Tilt in Pediatric Torticollis Patients with the Use of Prism Glasses

Background: Infants with head tilts are most often diagnosed with torticollis and are referred to a pediatric physical therapist for evaluation and treatment. Determining if the head position is muscular or non-muscular when assessing these infants is key in making the appropriate referrals to other specialists and determining the best treatment approach. Most pediatric physical therapists treat patients with head tilts with manual therapy (i.e. massage, myofascial release, and passive/active range of motion). Many physical therapists only consider a visual etiology as a possibility after other treatment options have been exhausted and the head tilt persists. Although the incidence of torticollis has increased, based on the author’s experience, the number of cases of non-muscular etiology has also increased. There is a lack of current research on the use of prism glasses for treating head tilts in young children and infants carrying a diagnosis of torticollis, especially those presenting without any active/passive motion limitations. Traditionally, these patients undergo years of treatment without resolution of the head tilt. Case Report: A two-year-old patient initially presented with a diagnosis of torticollis with an intermittent and alternating head tilt for physical therapy. After several months of manual therapy, with little improvement in her head posture, the patient’s physical therapist referred her to a behavioral optometrist for a comprehensive vision examination and to pursue alternative treatment options. The optometric evaluation revealed ocular misalignment causing poor depth perception skills and prism glasses were prescribed full-time with the recommendation of continuing physical therapy for gross motor development. Conclusion: Prism glasses are an appropriate treatment consideration for some pediatric patients with persistent head tilts because they can provide immediate improvement in head position and depth perception. It is important to include optometrists in the multi-disciplinary team when working with patients with head tilts. Pediatric physical therapists would benefit from training on how to properly screen visual skills when evaluating children with head tilts. With such training, an appropriate optometric referral could be initiated early on in treatment.

Comparison of trifocal toric and bifocal toric intraocular lens implantation in patients with cataract and high corneal astigmatism

AIM: To investigate and compare the quality of life, satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, depth perception, and intraocular lens (IOL) rotation in patients who underwent trifocal toric and bifocal toric IOLs. METHODS: A total of 80 eyes of 40 patients were included in this prospective study. Twenty patients in each group were implanted with trifocal toric and bifocal toric IOL, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative 6-month measurements were recorded for both patient groups. Comprehensive anterior and posterior segment examinations, distance-intermediate-near visual acuity values and the visual function scale questionnaire results were evaluated at these examinations. Patient satisfaction, contrast sensitivity, glare, intermediate-near and distance stereopsis and IOL rotation were also evaluated. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of distance and near visual acuities (P=0.269, P=0.451). Intermediate visual acuity was significantly increased in the trifocal toric group (P<0.001). The visual function scale results were increased after surgery in both groups (P=0.001 and P<0.001), with no difference determined between them (P=0.158 and P=0.691). The number of patients wearing glasses was low in both groups and there was no significant difference between the groups (P>0.05). The overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group was significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group (P=0.03). The highest sensitivity was observed at 6 cpd spatial frequency in all patients under photopic conditions (1.80±0.24 logU, 1.74±0.20 logU). Distance-intermediate-near binocular depth perception results in both groups were higher in the trifocal toric group (P=0.02, 0.048, 0.003, respectively). Although there was no significant difference for 3 meters stereopsis, the trifocal toric group had higher depth perception (P=0.577). Mean rotation was 5.76°±3.93° in the trifocal toric group and 12°±7.1° in the bifocal toric group. CONCLUSION: Better results in the middle distance are obtained in the trifocal toric group and less IOL rotation due to digital system-coordinated surgery. Moreover, the overall satisfaction in the trifocal toric group is significantly higher than in the bifocal toric group.

Evaluation of Adaptive Interaction Systems for Virtual Museum Development

Virtual Museum (VM) is an application of Virtual Reality (VR) technology generating realistic visualization and sensation to convince museum visitors to interact with digital content. There are many immersive VR devices that support interactive VM applications. We investigate appropriate devices for interaction within VM. We proposed a Storytelling platform to achieve device organization without modification, the story and interaction were self-adapted to the selected device. Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: a 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display and a full immersive CAVE. The results showed different performances of each system supporting VM developers to select an appropriate interaction system. The evaluation contributes to the design of content and interaction of VM development with more efficiency based on user requirements. HIGHLIGHTS Three types of interactive content were designed on our Storytelling platform to be applied on different interaction systems: A 2D standard display, a 3D stereoscopic display, and a full immersive CAVE The 2D Powerwall system with a wide range of views provides immersion. However, with two-dimensional displays, users lack depth perception Users spent more time in selection and manipulation in the 3D stereoscopic system because depth perception is added The CAVE system has user attraction or holding power, users spent more interacting time GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Globalization, Academic Migrants and Education: Case Study of Palestine Scholars in India

The Israel-Palestine conflict is one of the most complex issues in nature; the issues of sovereignty, territorial issues, and much more are still unresolved in the Israeli-Palestine conflict. More specifically, this ongoing conflict had affected the Palestinians' life, identity, psychology, and development. A thorough literature review reveals that there is an absence of scholarly research in the area of academic migration of Palestinian scholars about the educational challenges in Indian universities. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study methods. The researcher used field study and Snowball Sampling methods to select the study samples. The in-depth perception of six cases was analyzed on the issues of their stay in India, educational challenges in universities, a pedagogical transaction in the classroom, and the different cultural contexts (of their home country and destination country). The study revealed the academic disparities they face about language were problematic, and this hampered the conversation. Critically understanding the international scenario and position of the Palestinian scholars, this research study will contribute to the development of an empathetic understanding of the students from different conflict zones.

Evaluation of depth perception and association of severity in Glaucoma patients and suspects

Background To evaluate depth perception in Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects compared to controls and to determine the association between depth perception and severity of glaucoma. Methods This was a hospital based, comparative, cross-sectional study. The ethical clearance was taken from institutional review committee of Institute of Medicine [Reference no.399 (6–11) E2 077-078]. Agematched, equal number of participants in each group (N=20) were evaluated with both Titmus and Frisby stereoacuity tests to measure depth perception as stereopsis threshold in seconds of arc. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Results There was no differences in age, sex, or best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), found among the three groups (POAG, Glaucoma Suspects and Control) respectively. However, there was significant difference in cup disc ratio (CDR) between the groups. Equal number of male and female were there in each group, while in POAG group male to female ratio was 3:2. The mean stereoacuity threshold in control group was 53.5±23.23 seconds of arc with Titmus test and 38.75±18.83 seconds of arc with Frisby stereoacuity test. The difference in threshold was significant between control and glaucoma suspect with Titmus (t=1.991, p=0.05) and with Frisby (t=2.114, p=0.04). The difference was also significant in POAG group by Titmus (t=3.135, p=0.0033) and by Frisby (t=3.014, p=0.004). More so, with increasing severity of glaucoma, the mean threshold of stereopsis increased as seen with both Titmus and Frisby Tests (ANOVA, p < 0.001) Conclusion Primary open angle glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects, showed significant reduction in depth perception. Decreased stereoacuity was associated with greater glaucomatous visual field loss.

Closing the Critical Period Is Required for the Maturation of Binocular Integration in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Binocular matching of orientation preference between the two eyes is a common form of binocular integration that is regarded as the basis for stereopsis. How critical period plasticity enables binocular matching under the guidance of normal visual experience has not been fully demonstrated. To investigate how critical period closure affects the binocular matching, a critical period prolonged mouse model was constructed through the administration of bumetanide, an NKCC1 transporter antagonist. Using acute in vivo extracellular recording and molecular assay, we revealed that binocular matching was transiently disrupted due to heightened plasticity after the normal critical period, together with an increase in the density of spines and synapses, and the upregulation of GluA1 expression. Diazepam (DZ)/[(R, S)-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl) propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP)] could reclose the extended critical period, and rescue the deficits in binocular matching. Furthermore, the extended critical period, alone, with normal visual experience is sufficient for the completion of binocular matching in amblyopic mice. Similarly, prolonging the critical period into adulthood by knocking out Nogo-66 receptor can prevent the normal maturation of binocular matching and depth perception. These results suggest that maintaining an optimal plasticity level during adolescence is most beneficial for the systemic maturation. Extending the critical period provides new clues for the maturation of binocular vision and may have critical implications for the treatment of amblyopia.

An Evaluation of Visual Perception Visual Memory Cognitive Functions and Emotional Status among Genders in Elderly Subjects

Background: Gender differences in visual memory and perception and cognitive test performance have been significantly influenced by factors like sex Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gender differences in patterns of cognitive test performance and visual perception in healthy elderly individuals. Methods: Cognitive functions and visual perception was analyzed using clock drawing test and picture identification test in 20 elderly men and women (10 each) and their emotional status was assessed using depression scale Results: The results revealed that females had a better visual memory and depth perception compared to men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05. Females performed better than men on tests of Picture identification and were better in phonemic verbal skills compared to male men and the value was statistically significant at p<0.05 Conclusion: The present study concluded an innovative finding that women were better in their performance related to visual depth perception and cognitive functions.

On the Art of Binocular Rivalry

Binocular rivalry has a longer descriptive history than stereoscopic depth perception both of which were transformed by Wheatstone's invention of the stereoscope. Thereafter, artistic interest in binocular vision has been largely confined to stereopsis. A brief survey of research on binocular contour rivalry is followed by anaglyphic examples of its expression as art. Rivalling patterns can be photographs, graphics, and combinations of them. In addition, illustrations of binocular lustre and interactions between rivalry and stereopsis are presented, as are rivalling portraits of some pioneers of the science and art of binocular vision. The question of why a dynamic process like binocular rivalry has been neglected in visual art is addressed.