In this paper we study the Dirac equation with Coulomb potential − i α · ∇ u + a β u − μ | x | u = f ( x , | u | ) u , x ∈ R 3 where a is a positive constant, μ is a positive parameter, α = ( α 1 , α 2 , α 3 ), α i and β are 4 × 4 Pauli–Dirac matrices. The Dirac operator is unbounded from below and above so the associate energy functional is strongly indefinite. Under some suitable conditions, we prove that the problem possesses a ground state solution which is exponentially decay, and the least energy has continuous dependence about μ. Moreover, we are able to obtain the asymptotic property of ground state solution as μ → 0 + , this result can characterize some relationship of the above problem between μ > 0 and μ = 0.
A multigrid method for the ground state solution of Bose–Einstein condensates based on Newton iteration
