Understanding Corruption in Organizations – Development and Empirical Assessment of an Action Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Rabl ◽  
Torsten M. Kühlmann
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Corruption In Organizations

An Empirical Assessment of Post-Burlington Claims of Retaliation in Employment

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Grozman ◽  
Anne Marie D. Haddock ◽  
Lindsey M. Lee ◽  
Lisa S. Moore ◽  
Amy Gammon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Assessment

Operationalizing theory: A moral-situational action model for extremist violence.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-226
Author(s):  
Janet I. Warren ◽  
April Celeste R. Leviton ◽  
James Reed ◽  
Gregory B. Saathoff ◽  
Terri D. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Model

Nasty and Brutish? an Empirical Assessment of the Violence Hypothesis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Widerquist ◽  
Grant S. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Early States ◽  
Consensus View

This chapter empirically investigates two hypotheses often used to support the claim that virtually everyone is better off in state society than they could reasonably expect to be in any stateless environment. “The strong violence hypothesis” is the claim that violence in stateless societies is necessarily intolerable. “The weak violence hypothesis” is the claim that violence in stateless societies tends to be higher than in state society. Section 1 uses anthropological and historical evidence to examine violence in prehistoric stateless societies, early states, and contemporary states. Section 2 reviews evidence from modern stateless societies. Section 3 attempts to assemble anthropologists’ consensus view of violence in stateless societies. Section 4 evaluates the strong and weak hypotheses in light of this information, arguing that societies in which sovereignty is most absent maintain the ability to keep violence at tolerable levels. Although it is reasonable to suppose that stateless societies tend to have higher violence than contemporary state societies, some stateless societies have lower violence than some states. Because these findings reject 350 years of accumulated theory of sovereignty, Section 5 briefly discusses how bands are able to maintain peace without state-like institutions. Section 6 concludes.

Criminality and Homeless Men: An Empirical Assessment

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Snow ◽  
Susan G. Baker ◽  
Leon Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Assessment ◽  
Homeless Men

Sensory evidence integration and action initiation occur in parallel during perceptual decisions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Hernández-Navarro ◽  
Ainhoa Hermoso-Mendizabal ◽  
Daniel Duque ◽  
Alexandre Hyafil ◽  
Jaime de la Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Action Preparation ◽  
Action Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Evidence Integration ◽  
Action Initiation

It is commonly assumed that, during perceptual decisions, the brain integrates stimulus evidence until reaching a decision, and then performs the response. There are conditions, however (e.g. time pressure), in which the initiation of the response must be prepared in anticipation of the stimulus presentation. It is therefore not clear when the timing and the choice of perceptual responses depend exclusively on evidence accumulation, or when preparatory motor signals may interfere with this process. Here, we find that, in a free reaction time auditory discrimination task in rats, the timing of fast responses does not depend on the stimulus, although the choices do, suggesting a decoupling of the mechanisms of action initiation and choice selection. This behavior is captured by a novel model, the Parallel Sensory Integration and Action Model (PSIAM), in which response execution is triggered whenever one of two processes, Action Initiation or Evidence Accumulation, reaches a bound, while choice category is always set by the latter. Based on this separation, the model accurately predicts the distribution of reaction times when the stimulus is omitted, advanced or delayed. Furthermore, we show that changes in Action Initiation mediates both post-error slowing and a gradual slowing of the responses within each session. Overall, these results extend the standard models of perceptual decision-making, and shed a new light on the interaction between action preparation and evidence accumulation.

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