An ultrasensitive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease radioimmuno rate assay with a potential for monitoring blood levels of protease inhibitors in acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome patients

1992 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Evans ◽  
Anne F. Vosters ◽  
Thomas J. McQuade ◽  
Satish K. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Disease ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome

scholarly journals Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors block cell-to-cell HIV-1 endocytosis in dendritic cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 2777-2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Muratori ◽  
Eliana Ruggiero ◽  
Antonella Sistigu ◽  
Roberta Bona ◽  
Maurizio Federico
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Sexual transmission is now the most frequent means of diffusion of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Even if the underlying mechanism is still largely unknown, there is a consensus regarding the key role played by mucosal dendritic cells (DCs) in capturing HIV through contact with infected subepithelial lymphocytes, and their capacity to spread HIV by trans-infection. We found that HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) reduced virion endocytosis strongly in monocyte-derived immature (i) DCs contacting HIV-1-infected cells, and that this phenomenon led to dramatically impaired trans-infection activity. This inhibitory effect was not mediated by the block of viral protease activity, as it was also operative when donor cells were infected with a PI-resistant HIV-1 strain. The block of virus maturation imposed by PIs did not correlate with significant variations in the levels of virus expression in donor cells or of Gag/Env virion incorporation. Also, PIs did not affect the endocytosis activity of DCs. In contrast, we noticed that PI treatment inhibited the formation of cell–cell conjugates whilst reducing the expression of ICAM-1 in target iDCs. Our results contribute to a better delineation of the mechanisms underlying HIV-1 trans-infection activity in DCs, whilst having implications for the development of new anti-HIV microbicide strategies.

Small-Sized Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Protease Inhibitors Containing Allophenylnorstatine to Explore the S2′ Pocket

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (23) ◽  
pp. 7604-7617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koushi Hidaka ◽  
Tooru Kimura ◽  
Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Jeffrey-Tri Nguyen ◽  
Keith F. McDaniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus
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