Primary respiratory rhythm generator in the medulla of brainstem-spinal cord preparation from newborn rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 445 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Onimaru ◽  
Akiko Arata ◽  
Ikuo Homma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Rhythm Generator

Possible modulation of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator by the noradrenergic A5 area: an in vitro study in the newborn rat

1989 ◽  
Vol 485 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hilaire ◽  
R. Monteau ◽  
S. Errchidi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
A5 Area

The adrenergic modulation of firings of respiratory rhythm-generating neurons in medulla-spinal cord preparation from newborn rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Arata ◽  
H. Onimaru ◽  
Ikuo Homma
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Adrenergic Modulation

Nociceptin/orphanin FQ causes non-quantal slowing of respiratory rhythm in brainstem–spinal cord preparation from newborn rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 443 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Takita ◽  
Yuji Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Orphanin Fq ◽  
Newborn Rat

scholarly journals Noradrenergic modulation of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator in the newborn rat: an in vitro study.

1991 ◽  
Vol 443 (1) ◽  
pp. 477-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Errchidi ◽  
R Monteau ◽  
G Hilaire
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Newborn Rat ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Noradrenergic Modulation

Spinal cord injury-induced changes in breathing are not due to supraspinal plasticity in turtles (Pseudemys scripta)

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (6) ◽  
pp. R1550-R1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Johnson ◽  
Robert J. Creighton
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Respiratory Rhythm ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Rhythm Generator ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Breathing Room ◽  
Respiratory Variables

After occurrence of spinal cord injury, it is not known whether the respiratory rhythm generator undergoes plasticity to compensate for respiratory insufficiency. To test this hypothesis, respiratory variables were measured in adult semiaquatic turtles using a pneumotachograph attached to a breathing chamber on a water-filled tank. Turtles breathed room air (2 h) before being challenged with two consecutive 2-h bouts of hypercapnia (2 and 6% CO2 or 4 and 8% CO2). Turtles were spinalized at dorsal segments D8–D10 so that only pectoral girdle movement was used for breathing. Measurements were repeated at 4 and 8 wk postinjury. For turtles breathing room air, breathing frequency, tidal volume, and ventilation were not altered by spinalization; single-breath (singlet) frequency increased sevenfold. Spinalized turtles breathing 6–8% CO2 had lower ventilation due to decreased frequency and tidal volume, episodic breathing (breaths/episode) was reduced, and singlet breathing was increased sevenfold. Respiratory variables in sham-operated turtles were unaltered by surgery. Isolated brain stems from control, spinalized, and sham turtles produced similar respiratory motor output and responded the same to increased bath pH. Thus spinalized turtles compensated for pelvic girdle loss while breathing room air but were unable to compensate during hypercapnic challenges. Because isolated brain stems from control and spinalized turtles had similar respiratory motor output and chemosensitivity, breathing changes in spinalized turtles in vivo were probably not due to plasticity within the respiratory rhythm generator. Instead, caudal spinal cord damage probably disrupts spinobulbar pathways that are necessary for normal breathing.

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