Free fatty acids as a source of energy for trehalose synthesis in the fat body of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)

Carbonic anhydrase activity has been demonstrated in vitro in preparations of the head, fat body, and gut of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), and in the adult housefly, Musca domestica L. The insect factor, which is soluble in aqueous media and can be separated from the particulate cell fragments of insect tissue homogenates is heat labile and sensitive to cyanide inactivation. It is strongly inhibited by sulphanilamide, p-aminoethylphenyl-sulphonamide, and p-chlorphenylsulphonamide. No inhibition has been found with N-substituted sulphonamides or with any of the organic insecticides examined, including DDT, lindane, dieldrin, nicotine, rotenone, pyrethrins, and para-oxon. Sensitivity of carbonic anhydrase to sulphonamides having an intact—SO2NH2 group is also characteristic of mammalian preparations. The data indicate that inhibition of insect carbonic anhydrase cannot be an important factor in the mode of action of DDT or other organic insecticides.

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Histochemical and Morphological Studies of the Lipids in Oogenesis. I. Periplaneta americana

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-99.47.315 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol s3-99 (47) ◽

pp. 315-332

Author(s):

VISHWA NATH ◽

BRIJ L. GUPTA ◽

BACHAN LAL

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Active Role ◽

Lipid Bodies ◽

Acetone Extraction ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Carbohydrate Complex

1. Three kinds of lipid bodies have been described in the oogenesis of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (i) L1 bodies, present in the earliest oocyte, which persist till the oocyte measures approximately mm and contain phoapholipids only, possibly having more lecithint than cephalins; (ii) L2bodies, which first arise in the oocyte measuring 0.4 mm and have a complete or incomplete sheath of phoapholipida surrounding a medulla of triglycerides (rather highly saturated); (iii) L3 bodies, which are the only type of lipids present in the oocytea measuring more than 0.65 mm and consist of triglycerides only (rather highly saturated). 2. Some of the larger L3 bodies give a ‘ringed’ or ‘crescentic’ appearance in Sudan black when used at room temperatures (12° C to 40° C) but appear mostly solid when this colouring agent is used at 6o° C. 3. Mitochondria, which remain as fine granules throughout the course of oogenesis, contain proteins and phospholipids. They seem to have some lipids which are masked normally but are unmasked after acetone extraction, with a resulting increase in sudanophilia. 4. Yolk globules appear in the oocytes meaauring approximately 0.5 mm. They contain a protein-carbohydrate complex. 5.The bacterioid objects described by earlier workers have been shown to contain phospholipids and free fatty acids. They possibly play an active role in the lipid synthesis of the cell.

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Trehalose production in isolated fat body of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C Comparative Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/0306-4492(79)90096-0 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 31-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

R.G.H. Downer

Keyword(s):

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Fat Body ◽

American Cockroach

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Occurrence of three forms of glycogen phosphorylase and flight-induced enzyme activation in fat body of the american cockroach, Periplaneta americana

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B Comparative Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0305-0491(89)90028-x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 165-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wil J.A. Van Marrewuk ◽

Aloys Th.M. Van Den Broek ◽

Ad M.Th. Beenakkers

Keyword(s):

Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Fat Body ◽

Enzyme Activation ◽

American Cockroach

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Isolation and structure of a novel charged member of the red–pigment-concentrating hormone-adipokinetic hormone family of peptides isolated from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae (Diptera)

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj2690309 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 269 (2) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

G Gäde ◽

H Wilps ◽

R Kellner

Keyword(s):

Periplaneta Americana ◽

Fat Body ◽

Locusta Migratoria ◽

Reversed Phase ◽

American Cockroach ◽

Red Pigment ◽

Adipokinetic Hormone ◽

Migratory Locust ◽

Corpora Cardiaca ◽

Adipokinetic Hormone Family

A hypertrehalosaemic neuropeptide from the corpora cardiaca of the blowfly Phormia terraenovae has been isolated by reversed-phase h.p.l.c., and its primary structure was determined by pulsed-liquid phase sequencing employing Edman chemistry after enzymically deblocking the N-terminal pyroglutamate residue. The C-terminus was also blocked, as indicated by the lack of digestion when the peptide was incubated with carboxypeptidase A. The octapeptide has the sequence pGlu-Leu-Thr-Phe-Ser-Pro-Asp-Trp-NH2 and is clearly defined as a novel member of the RPCH/AKH (red-pigment-concentrating hormone/adipokinetic hormone) family of peptides. It is the first charged member of this family to be found. The synthetic peptide causes an increase in the haemolymph carbohydrate concentration in a dose-dependent fashion in blowflies and therefore is named ‘Phormia terraenovae hypertrehalosaemic hormone’ (Pht-HrTH). In addition, receptors in the fat-body of the American cockroach (Periplaneta americana) recognize the peptide, resulting in carbohydrate elevation in the blood. However, fat-body receptors of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) do not recognize this charged molecule, and thus no lipid mobilization is observed in this species.

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