free fatty acids
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Dan Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Yang ◽  
Pingli Yu ◽  
Haobo Huang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: free fatty acids (FFAs) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were associated with various malignancy. However, whether FFA, HDL-C and FFA/HDL-C can play a potiential role in predicting patients with colorectal neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) was unclear. Meanwhile, FFA/HDL-C has a superior prognosis ability was unknown, too.Methods: One hundred patients with pathologically diagnosed colorectal NETs in 2011-2017 were enrolled, and the levels of FFA, HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) between colorectal NET patients and healthy controls matched by age and sex were compared. In addition, the association of clinicopathological characteristics and follow-up data with FFA, HDL-C and FFA/HDL-C was analysed.Results: FFA was overexpressed (0.55±0.23 vs. 0.48±0.11, P= 0.006), and HDL-C was underexpressed (1.31±0.41 vs. 1.41±0.29, P=0.046) in colorectal NETs. FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L predicted lymph node metastasis (LNM) (P=0.015), HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted tumour size ≥2 cm (P=0.017), and FFA/HDL-C>0.75 predicted tumour grade (P=0.030), LNM (P=0.014), and tumour size(P=0.018). No significant association was found between FFA and tumour grade (P=0.613) or HDL-C and tumour grade (P=0.594) or FFA and tumour size (P=0.142) or HDL-C and LNM (P=0.443). FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L (P=0.014) and HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L predicted worse overall survival (OS) (P=0.019). FFA/HDL-C predicted an even worse prognosis in terms of OS (P<0.001).Conclusion: FFA ≥0.52 mmol/L HDL-C ≤1.0 mmol/L and FFA/HDL-C>0.75 were promising cut-off values in predicting LNM, tumour size and worse OS in colorectal NETs.


Author(s):  
Dilşat Bozdoğan Konuşkan

There are 97 local olive varieties registered in our country, and Saurani is an olive variety from originating Hatay/Altınözü. Hatay province, which ranks first in olive production in the Mediterranean Region, has very suitable climate and soil conditions for olive cultivation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of olive maturity on quality parameters such as free fatty acids, peroxide value and fatty acid composition of the oil obtained from the Saurani olive variety grown in Hatay. For this purpose, olive oil was obtained by mechanical method from olives collected from Saurani variety in 3 different maturity periods of the 2020 production season. In Saurani olive oil, free fatty acids and peroxide numbers were found in the range of 0.62-0.91 % (oleic acid) and 3.68-5.26 meq O2/kg respectively. The amount of free fatty acids increased with maturity. In Saurani olive oil were determined oleic acid in the range of 66.32%-68.79%, palmitic acid in the range of12.47-13.75%, linoleic acid in the range of 11.43-13.84%, stearic acid in the range of 3.16-3.42%, palmitoleic acid 1.12%-1.34%, linolenic acid 0.88-1.01% and arachidic acid 0.41-0.52. It was determined that decrease in oleic acid content and an increase in linoleic acid content with maturity. It has been determined that Saurani olive oil is within the limits specified in the Turkish Food Codex on Olive Oil and Pirina Olive Oil in terms of the examined properties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Hendra Budi Sungkawa ◽  
Wahdaniah Wahdaniah ◽  
Herlinda Djohan

The processed oil from the coconut plant is generally understood as coconut oil. A method is required to produce a product with a higher oil extraction rate and is able to reduce the water content and free fatty acids in the coconut oil production. It is also necessary to add substances that can delay or prevent fat oxidation reactions by generating substances in the form of antioxidants. The method that can be implemented is the enzymatic method employing the bromelain enzyme in a pineapple with the addition of an antioxidants substance from the kesum  leaf. The objective of this research is to describe the quality of coconut oil after the addition of pineapple (ananas comosus) and kesum leaves (polygonus minus) extracts. The parameters for describing the quality of the oil are the organoleptic test, the degree of acidity, the oil extract rate, the peroxide number, the saponification number, and the acid number. This research is a quasi-experiment. The samples in this research were coconut oil without the addition of pineapple fruit extract, coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract without the addition of kesum leaves, and coconut oil with the addition of pineapple fruit extract and kesum leaves as much as 20gr, 30gr and 40gr. Based on the statistical results of the linear regression test, it was discovered that p-value = 0.000 <0.05, so it was concluded that there was an effect of the addition of pineapple fruit and leaves of kesum on acid number content with an effect of 76.4% on the acid number, 71.4% on the peroxide number, and 81.5% to the saponification number. It is recommended to test the water content, free fatty acids, and iodine number.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Lucie Oberhauser ◽  
Pierre Maechler

Over the last decades, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity emerged as established mechanisms participating in the pathophysiology of obesity-related type 2 diabetes in general, and in the loss of β-cell function in particular. However, these terms hold various potential biological processes, and it is not clear what precisely they refer to and to what extent they might be clinically relevant. In this review, we discuss the basis and the last advances of research regarding the role of free fatty acids, their metabolic intracellular pathways, and receptor-mediated signaling related to glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as well as lipid-induced β-cell dysfunction. We also describe the role of chronically elevated glucose, namely, glucotoxicity, which promotes failure and dedifferentiation of the β cell. Glucolipotoxicity combines deleterious effects of exposures to both high glucose and free fatty acids, supposedly provoking synergistic defects on the β cell. Nevertheless, recent studies have highlighted the glycerolipid/free fatty acid cycle as a protective pathway mediating active storage and recruitment of lipids. Finally, we discuss the putative correspondence of the loss of functional β cells in type 2 diabetes with a natural, although accelerated, aging process.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Chunna Jin ◽  
Chengchen Zhao ◽  
Shiyu Zhu ◽  
Simin Meng ◽  
...  

Background: Perturbation of energy metabolism exacerbates cardiac dysfunction, serving as a potential therapeutic target in congestive heart failure. Although circulating free fatty acids (FFAs) are linked to insulin resistance and risk of coronary heart disease, it still remains unclear whether circulating FFAs are associated with the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF).Methods: This single-center, observational cohort study enrolled 183 AHF patients (de novo heart failure or decompensated chronic heart failure) in the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) rehospitalization within 1 year after discharge were investigated. Serum FFAs were modeled as quartiles as well as a continuous variable (per SD of FFAs). The restricted cubic splines and cox proportional hazards models were applied to evaluate the association between the serum FFAs level and all-cause mortality or HF rehospitalization.Results: During a 1-year follow-up, a total of 71 (38.8%) patients had all-cause mortality or HF rehospitalization. The levels of serum FFAs positively contributed to the risk of death or HF rehospitalization, which was not associated with the status of insulin resistance. When modeled with restricted cubic splines, the serum FFAs increased linearly for the incidence of death or HF rehospitalization. In a multivariable analysis adjusting for sex, age, body-mass index, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, left ventricular ejection fraction and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptid, each SD (303.07 μmol/L) higher FFAs were associated with 26% higher risk of death or HF rehospitalization (95% confidence interval, 2–55%). Each increasing quartile of FFAs was associated with differentially elevated hazard ratios for death or HF rehospitalization of 1 (reference), 1.71 (95% confidence interval, [0.81, 3.62]), 1.41 (95% confidence interval, [0.64, 3.09]), and 3.18 (95% confidence interval, [1.53, 6.63]), respectively.Conclusion: Serum FFA levels at admission among patients with AHF were associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Additional studies are needed to determine the causal-effect relationship between FFAs and acute cardiac dysfunction and whether FFAs could be a potential target for AHF management.


PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e12563
Author(s):  
Agata Kaczmarek ◽  
Mieczysława Boguś

Insects are the most widespread group of organisms and more than one million species have been described. These animals have significant ecological functions, for example they are pollinators of many types of plants. However, they also have direct influence on human life in different manners. They have high medical and veterinary significance, stemming from their role as vectors of disease and infection of wounds and necrotic tissue; they are also plant pests, parasitoids and predators whose activities can influence agriculture. In addition, their use in medical treatments, such as maggot therapy of gangrene and wounds, has grown considerably. They also have many uses in forensic science to determine the minimum post-mortem interval and provide valuable information about the movement of the body, cause of the death, drug use, or poisoning. It has also been proposed that they may be used as model organisms to replace mammal systems in research. The present review describes the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in key physiological processes in insects. By focusing on insects of medical, veterinary significance, we have limited our description of the physiological processes to those most important from the point of view of insect control; the study examines their effects on insect reproduction and resistance to the adverse effects of abiotic (low temperature) and biotic (pathogens) factors.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4556
Author(s):  
Seong-Hee Ko ◽  
YunJae Jung

Aging women experience hormonal changes, such as decreased estrogen and increased circulating androgen, due to natural or surgical menopause. These hormonal changes make postmenopausal women vulnerable to body composition changes, muscle loss, and abdominal obesity; with a sedentary lifestyle, these changes affect overall energy expenditure and basal metabolic rate. In addition, fat redistribution due to hormonal changes leads to changes in body shape. In particular, increased bone marrow-derived adipocytes due to estrogen loss contribute to increased visceral fat in postmenopausal women. Enhanced visceral fat lipolysis by adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase triggers the production of excessive free fatty acids, causing insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. Because genes involved in β-oxidation are downregulated by estradiol loss, excess free fatty acids produced by lipolysis of visceral fat cannot be used appropriately as an energy source through β-oxidation. Moreover, aged women show increased adipogenesis due to upregulated expression of genes related to fat accumulation. As a result, the catabolism of ATP production associated with β-oxidation decreases, and metabolism associated with lipid synthesis increases. This review describes the changes in energy metabolism and lipid metabolic abnormalities that are the background of weight gain in postmenopausal women.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3140
Author(s):  
Adeline Karolkowski ◽  
Elisabeth Guichard ◽  
Loïc Briand ◽  
Christian Salles

The worldwide demand for pulse-based products is increasing in the face of climate change, but their acceptability is limited due to the presence of off-flavours. Off-notes contribute to negative perceptions of pulses (beany notes). Volatile compounds belong to a large variety of chemical classes. They are mainly produced from the oxidation of unsaturated free fatty acids and the degradation of amino acids during seed development, storage, and transformation (dehulling, milling, and starch or protein production). This review aims to provide an overview highlighting the identification of these molecules in different pulses, their potential origins, and their impact on perceptions. However, data on odour-active compounds in pulses are sparse, as they are limited to those of two studies on peas and lupins. A better knowledge of the volatile compounds involved in the off-notes and their origins should allow for drawing efficient strategies to limit their impact on overall perception for more acceptable healthy food design.


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