Abstract
Background
Voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CSMCs), especially the major specific Kv1 subfamily, contribute to coronary artery vasodilation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been strongly implicated in diabetes-related cardiovascular complications. Our previous study showed AGEs can impair Kv channel-mediated coronary vasodilation by reducing Kv channel activity. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear.
Purpose
Here, we used isolated rat small coronary arteries (RSCAs) and primary CSMCs to investigate the effect of AGEs on Kv channel-mediated coronary vasodilation and the possible involvement of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ pathway.
Methods
RSCAs and primary CSMCs were isolated, cultured and treated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), AGE-BSA, alagrebrium (ALA, AGE cross-linking breaker), pioglitazone (PIO) and/or GW9662, and then divided into the following groups: DMEM, BSA, AGE, AGE+ALA, AGE+PIO, and AGE+PIO+GW9662. Kv channel-mediated coronary vasodilation was analyzed using wire myograph. Histology and immunohistochemistry of RSCAs were performed. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of RAGE, the major Kv1 channel subunits expressed in CSMCs (Kv1.2/1.5), PPAR-γ, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (NOX-2).
Results
AGEs markedly reduced forskolin-induced Kv channel-mediated vasodilation of RSCAs by interacting with the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and ALA or PIO significantly reversed this effect. In both RSCAs and primary CSMCs, AGEs decreased Kv1.2 and Kv1.5 channel protein expression, inhibited PPAR-γ expression, increased RAGE and NOX-2 expression. Treatment with ALA or PIO partially reversed the effects of AGEs on Kv1.2/Kv1.5 expression, accompanied by elevation of PPAR-γ level and diminished oxidative stress.
Conclusion
AGE/RAGE axis-induced inhibition of PPAR-γ pathway and enhancement of oxidative stress may contribute to AGEs-mediated Kv channel dysfunction and coronary vasodilation in RSCAs. Our results may provide new insights into developing therapeutic strategies to manage diabetic vasculature.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): National Natural Science Foundation of China; Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7172059)
Effect of adenosine antagonism on metabolically mediated coronary vasodilation in humans
