Purpose
The purpose of this study is to solve the optimal operation strategy problem of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) parking as a demand response (DR) program and hydro storage as an energy storage system in a smart grid environment using a heuristic algorithm.
Design/methodology/approach
Studying the smart grid with DR, renewable energy resources and energy storage systems is necessary. To do this, the heuristic optimization algorithm is developed to solve the scheduling problem. This deterministic algorithm benefits from the definition of appropriate fitness functions.
Findings
For validation, it is shown that reduction of 1.1%–12.5% in pollution and 8.8%–34.8% in total cost are achieved, as compared with literature. Also, the suggested operation strategy of PEVs parking and hydro storage results in reducing the total cost by 6.21%.
Originality/value
DR programs such as PEV parking play a major role in smart grid developments. Also, energy storage systems such as hydro storage lead to better performance of distributed generations and lower costs and pollution by thermal units. However, based on the literature, the effects of PEV parking and hydro storage on smart grid operation strategy are not considered. Therefore, contributions of this study are: effects of hydro storage on the smart grid are considered, effects of PEV parking on the smart grid are considered, a heuristic algorithm is developed to solve operation strategy problem for PEV parking and hydro storage in a smart grid environment.
Economic optimal operation of Community Energy Storage systems in competitive energy markets
