Hybrid bypass technique to mitigate leakage current in the grid-tied inverter

The extensive use of fossil fuel is destroying the balance of nature that could lead to many problems in the forthcoming era. Renewable energy resources are a ray of hope to avoid possible destruction. Smart grid and distributed power generation systems are now mainly built with the help of renewable energy resources. The integration of renewable energy production system with the smart grid and distributed power generation is facing many challenges that include addressing the issue of isolation and power quality. This paper presents a new approach to address the aforementioned issues by proposing a hybrid bypass technique concept to improve the overall performance of the grid-tied inverter in solar power generation. The topology with the proposed technique is presented using traditional H5, oH5 and H6 inverter. Comparison of topologies with literature is carried out to check the feasibility of the method proposed. It is found that the leakage current of all the proposed inverters is 9 mA and total harmonic distortion is almost about 2%. The proposed topology has good efficiency, common mode and differential mode characteristics.

Various demand side management techniques and its role in smart grid–the state of art

The current lifestyle of humanity relies heavily on energy consumption, thus rendering it an inevitable need. An ever-increasing demand for energy has resulted from the increasing population. Most of this demand is met by the traditional sources that continuously deplete and raise significant environmental issues. The existing power structure of developing nations is aging, unstable, and unfeasible, further prolonging the problem. The existing electricity grid is unstable, vulnerable to blackouts and disruption, has high transmission losses, low quality of power, insufficient electricity supply, and discourages distributed energy sources from being incorporated. Mitigating these problems requires a complete redesign of the system of power distribution. The modernization of the electric grid, i.e., the smart grid, is an emerging combination of different technologies designed to bring about the electrical power grid that is changing dramatically. Demand side management (DSM) allow customers to be more involved in contributors to the power systems to achieve system goals by scheduling their shiftable load. Effective DSM systems require the participation of customers in the system that can be done in a fair system. This paper focuses primarily on techniques of DSM and demand responses (DR), including scheduling approaches and strategies for optimal savings.

Challenges, Trends and Solutions for Communication Networks and Cyber-Security in Smart Grid.

Power grid is one of the most important manifestations of the modern civilization and the engine of it where it is described as a digestive system of the civil life. It is a structure has three main functions: generation, transmission lines, distribution. This concept was appropriate for a century. However, the beginning of the twenty-first century brought dramatic changes on different domains: media, human growth, economic, environmental, political, and technical etc. Smart grid is a sophisticated structure including cyber and physical bodies hence it reinforces the sustainability, the energy management, the capability of integration with microgrids, and exploiting the renewable energy resources. The quantum leap of smart grid is related to the advanced communication networks that deal with the cyber part. Moreover, the communication networks of smart grid offer attractive capabilities such as monitoring, control, and protection at the level of real time. The wireless communication techniques in integration frame are promised solution to compensate the requirements of smart grid designing such as wireless local area networks, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, long term evolution, and narrowband- internet of things. These technologies could provide high capacity, flexibility, low-cost maintenance for smart grid. However, the multi-interfaces in smart grid may exploit by persons or agencies to implement different types of cyber-attacks may lead to dangerous damage. This research paper reviews the up-to-date researches in the field of smart grid to handle the new trends and topics in one frame in order to offer integration vision in this vital section. It concentrates on the section of communication networks the mainstay of smart grid. This paper discusses the challenging and requirements of adopting the wireless communication technologies and delves deeply into literature review to devise and suggest solutions to compensate the impairments efficiently. Moreover, it explores the cyber security that representing the real defiant to implement the concept of smart grid safely.

SMART GRIDS COMO ALTERNATIVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO INTELIGENTE E SUSTENTÁVEL EM PARINTINS/AM

Devido à rápida e não planejada urbanização surgem problemas de aclimatação urbana, para os quais alternativas de soluções foram desenvolvidas a partir do conceito de Smart City. Nesta pesquisa, o foco é nos problemas da gestão da produção e da distribuição de energia elétrica em Parintins/AM. Para a problemática energética são utilizados os conceitos de rede elétrica inteligente, Smart Grid, que por meio da tecnologia otimiza os sistemas de produção e distribuição de energia, tornando-os mais eficientes, eficazes e sustentáveis. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar, com base nas teorias desenvolvidas acerca das Smart Cities e das Smart Grids, quais são os aspectos que devem ser levados em consideração para a gestão inteligente e sustentável da produção e distribuição de energia elétrica em Parintins/AM. O paradigma de pesquisa é o funcionalista, por meio de pesquisa qualitativa, com delineamento descritivo e analítico. Os dados foram levantados por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas, triangulados e analisados mediante técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados obtidos foram: 1) desenvolvimento científico na área das Smart Cities e Smart Grids, em construção, por meio de estudo empírico no interior do Amazonas; 2) identificação dos fatores impulsionadores e limitantes à implantação de Smart Grids em Parintins/AM.

Regulation Effect of Smart Grid on Green Transformation of Electric Power Enterprises: Based on the Investigation of “Leader” Trap

The 2060 carbon neutral target reflects the long-term equilibrium and stability of production activities and the natural environment. As an important part of Chinese energy structure, the operation and transformation of power enterprises will face higher requirements. Although the rapid development of smart grids provides necessary technical support for power enterprises to build a modern energy system with green power as the core, whether power enterprises can use smart grids to improve their operating performance and environmental performance has yet to be discussed. The differences caused by the heterogeneity of property rights will also have an impact on the green transformation and development of enterprises. This paper selects 25 Chinese power enterprises as the research objects and uses the 2011–2019 enterprise panel data and the data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the operating performance and environmental performance of power enterprises. The results show that the overall fluctuation trend of the total factor productivity index and green total factor productivity index of power enterprises are W-shaped, and technological progress is the main driving force for the improvement of power operating performance and environmental performance; Compared with enterprises with a single power generation method, enterprises with diversified power generation methods performed better in their overall total factor productivity index. After that, text mining and machine learning methods are used to classify the text of the enterprise’s annual report to determine whether the enterprise applies smart grid technology for production and operation activities. Finally, using feasible generalized least squares method (FLGS) and dynamic panel system generalized moment estimation (SYS-GMM) to analyze the impact of smart grid on the operating performance and environmental performance of power enterprises, and the nature of corporate property rights in this process. It is found that smart grids can improve the operating performance and environmental performance of power enterprises; compared with state-owned enterprises, non-state-owned enterprises can achieve better performance in the application of smart grids to improve operating performance and environmental performance. Finally, this study provides corresponding policy recommendations for power enterprises to achieve performance improvement and green transformation development.