Sexual dimorphism of the lateral angle: Is it really applicable in forensic sex estimation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 105052
Author(s):  
Joanna H. Bonczarowska ◽  
Zoe McWhirter ◽  
Elena F. Kranioti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Lateral Angle

Application of the Optimized Summed Score Attributes Method for Sex Estimation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Long ◽  
Alexandra Klales
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
African Ancestry ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Black African ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Calibration Sample ◽  
Accuracy Rates

The optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method was first developed for cranial ancestry estimation (Hefner & Ousley 2014). Tallman and Go (2018) adapted this method for sex estimation with the five skull traits described by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and Walker (2008). Using an Asian sample, Tallman and Go (2018) achieved moderate accuracy rates (83.7% calibration; 81.9% validation) but also high sex bias (29.1% calibration; 34.5% validation), possibly due to lower levels of sexual dimorphism in Asian populations. To further explore this novel approach to sex estimation, the OSSA method was applied to a U.S. Black/African ancestry and White/European ancestry calibration sample (N = 700). Accuracy rates were 77.4% in Black individuals and 77.2% in White individuals. Despite generally higher levels of sexual dimorphism in these groups, a high sex bias still occurred (15.4% Black individuals; –20.5% White individuals) using OSSA. The method was tested in a separate validation sample (N = 200) with accuracy of 78.0% in Black individuals (8.0% sex bias) and 70.0% in White individuals (–56.0% sex bias). When these same traits were tested with Walker’s (2008) logistic regression and in the MorphoPASSE Program (Klales 2018) using random forest modeling, accuracy rates varied ,with OSSA (77.3% correct), performing slightly better than Walker’s (2008) method (75.6% correct) but worse than MorphoPASSE (85.3% correct). The higher accuracy and lower sex bias in MorphoPASSE suggests that the Walker (2008) traits can be used to accurately estimate sex with statistical approaches more appropriate and robust than OSSA.

Sexual Dimorphism in Finger Ridge Breadth Measurements: A Tool for Sex Estimation from Fingerprints

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Z. Mundorff ◽  
Eric J. Bartelink ◽  
Turhon A. Murad
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Estimation

scholarly journals Sex estimation of Brazilian skulls using discriminant analysis of cranial measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e266101018760
Author(s):  
Thais Torralbo Lopez Capp ◽  
Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva ◽  
Marcio Yara Buscatti ◽  
Edgard Michel Crosato ◽  
Maria Gabriela Haye Biazevic
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
Sex Estimation ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Reference Table ◽  
Brazilian Sample ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant

The present study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of cranial measurements for estimation of sex in the Brazilian population and develop discriminant formulas with a reference table to be used as a reference on Brazilian Forensic Anthropology studies. The total sample was comprised of 100 skulls from an osteological collection and 200 computed tomography. The measure’s protocol comprised 51 cranial measurements and it was based on 29 cranial landmarks. The results of the univariate comparison of cranial measurements showed a higher mean for male skulls, except for the following variables: zygoorbital breadth (diff=-2.21), interorbital breadth (diff=-0.72), nasal breadth (diff=-0.19) and palatal breadth (diff=-0.01). The paired test t analysis showed that the variables with the highest sexual dimorphism were maximum cranial length (p<0.001), Basion-Bregma height (p<0.001), cranial base length (p<0.001), nasal height (p<0.001), bizigomatic breadth (p<0.001), left Porion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right Asterion-Mastoidale length (p<0.001), right (p<0.001) and left (p<0.001) mastoid length. The multivariate discriminant analysis of the cranial measurements of the Brazilian sample showed a percentage of accuracy between 82-90%. The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls in the sample. The regression formulas and the reference table presented satisfactory results for sex estimation in a Brazilian population. The validation process of the discriminant functions and the reference table showed a percentage of accuracy between-74.2-85.7% The analysis of the metric variables showed that there is sexual dimorphism between skulls of the analyzed sample.

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