This chapter teaches students and practicing engineers the fundamentals of bioprocess design with an emphasis on bioseparation processes. It combines the information presented in earlier chapters for use in the context of integrated processes. The ultimate objective is to enable the reader to efficiently synthesize and evaluate integrated bioseparation processes. Given a product and a desired annual production rate (process throughput), bioprocess design endeavors to answer the following and other related questions: What are the required amounts of raw materials and utilities needed for a single batch? What is the total amount of resources consumed per year? What is the required size of process equipment and supporting utilities? Can the product be produced in an existing facility or is a new plant required? What is the total capital investment? What is the manufacturing cost? What is the optimum batch size? How long does a single batch take? How much product can be generated per year? Which process steps or resources constitute scheduling and throughput bottlenecks? What changes can increase throughput? What is the environmental impact of the process (i.e., amount and type of waste materials)? Which design is the “best” among several plausible alternatives? After completing this chapter, the reader should be able to do the following: • Initiate a process design and choose the appropriate sequencing of processing steps. • Set up a process flowsheet using the unit procedure concept. • Become familiar with batch process simulators. • Schedule batch processes. • Estimate capital and operating costs. • Perform profitability analysis. • Assess the environmental impact of a process. • Perform process sensitivity analyses. Process design is the conceptual work done prior to building, expanding, or retrofitting a process plant. It consists of two main activities, process synthesis and process analysis. Process synthesis is the selection and arrangement of a set of unit operations (process steps) capable of producing the desired product at an acceptable cost and quality. Process analysis is the evaluation and comparison of different process synthesis solutions.
AN EMPIRICAL MODEL FOR ADSORPTION THERMODYNAMICS OF COPPER (II) FROM SOLUTIONS ONTO ILLITE CLAY-BATCH PROCESS DESIGN
