scholarly journals SimAthens: A spatial microsimulation approach to the estimation and analysis of small area income distributions and poverty rates in the city of Athens, Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Panori ◽  
Dimitris Ballas ◽  
Yannis Psycharis
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Crespo ◽  
Claudio Alvarez ◽  
Ignacio Hernandez ◽  
Christian Garcia

Abstract Background There is a strong spatial correlation between demographics and chronic diseases in urban areas. Thus, most of the public policies aimed at improving prevention plans and optimizing the allocation of resources in health networks should be designed specifically for socioeconomic reality of the population. One way to tackle this challenge is by exploring the spatial patterns that link the sociodemographic attributes that characterize a community, its risk of suffering chronic diseases, and its accessibility to treatment at a small area geographical level. Due the inherent complexity of cities, advanced clustering methods are needed to find significant spatial patterns. Our main motivation is to provide stakeholders with valuable information to optimize the spatial distributions of health services and the provision of human resources. For the case study, we chose to investigate diabetes in Santiago, Chile. Methods To deal with spatiality, we used two advanced statistical techniques: spatial microsimulation and a self-organizing map (SOM). Spatial microsimulation allows spatial disaggregation of health indicators data to a small area level. In turn, SOM unlike classical clustering methods, incorporate a learning component through neural networks, which makes it more appropriate to model complex adaptive systems, such as cities. Thus, while spatial microsimulation generates the data for the analysis, the SOM method finds the relevant socio-economic clusters. As socioeconomic attributes for the clustering we selected age, sex, educational level and per capita income. We used public surveys as input data. Results Significant spatial patterns of people with low income, low educational level and high diabetes prevalence exhibit a lower density of public health services. This group of people comprises approximately the 62 percent of the whole population of the city and is located toward the periphery of the city. Conclusions Our approach allowed us to understand that the current criteria for locating the health network would be based primarily on population density and/or the number of people reported with diabetes and only, to a lower extent, on the ability of patients to cope with the disease from a sociodemographic perspective. We recommend that allocation of future health services and optimization of the current supply chain should take into account the location of the most vulnerable people. Keywords Chronic diseases, spatial microsimulation, self-organizing maps, supply chain optimization


2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogi Vidyattama ◽  
Rebecca Cassells ◽  
Ann Harding ◽  
Justine Mcnamara

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Borowska-Stefańska ◽  
Szymon Wiśniewski

In this article, the goal was to assess spatial accessibility to the parks in Łódż for example of cycling, individual transport and public transport. Parks represent basic units of recreational greenery in the city. (Czerwieniec, Lewińska 2000). In Łódź are 43 parks, which are located mainly in the rail peripheral or right behind her (Jakóbczyk-Gryszkiewicz 2008). To determine the spatial accessibility to the parks in the analyzed city, were calculated the number and percentage of the population, which living in 2016 in isochrones: 0-5; 5-10; 10-15; 15-20; 20-25; 25-30 minutes from the parks. In the study were taken into account the different means of transport - car, bicycle and public. It was found that the most beneficial for the residents of the city is by bike. In the case of 3/4 of the population of Łódż travel time by bike to the park is less than 5 minutes. Bicycle and public transport provide access to the parks, the vast majority of inhabitants of the city in time to 5 minutes, while individual transport in time 5-10 minutes. Most preferably, due to the accessibility for the residents of the city, are located parks in the city center, and behind its borders, in turn, within the rail perimeter. Over there the population density is greatest, unfortunately, a small area of parks.


Author(s):  
Roger Ling ◽  
Lesley Ling

The Decorations have so Far Been Considered house by house because their main interest lies in what they tell us about the residential units for which they were designed and the householders who commissioned them. We may conclude, however, by looking at them globally to draw some general conclusions about patterns of distribution and about the contribution made by Insula I.10 to our knowledge of Pompeian interior decoration. The nature of our study, covering a whole insula rather than focusing on individual houses, provides an exceptional opportunity to consider decorations across a range of properties which together constitute a ‘neighbourhood’ within Pompeii. We can thus pick out some of the patterns of economic and social differentiation within a small area of the city. Even if few of our conclusions prove to be unexpected, they none the less provide some kind of model against which to measure the results of studies of individual houses or of whole insulae elsewhere in Pompeii. Our discussion will, inevitably, concentrate on the seven more substantial dwellings in the insula, namely the Case del Menandro, degli Amanti and del Fabbro, and houses 1, 3, 8, and 18. The various one- or tworoom units, including independent shops and workshops, and the upstairs apartment entered via entrance 5, either lacked any form of interior decoration (other than largely plain plaster and mortar paving) or have yielded too little evidence to enable worthwhile conclusions to be drawn. one in the Casa del Fabbro and one in the Casa degli Amanti, hints at the former existence of even more luxurious paintings of which no trace remains. But the record is simply too defective to bring this material into the equation: as in other parts of Pompeii, details of arrangements on the upper floors are mostly unrecoverable. We are forced to base our figures on the ground floors alone, acknowledging the danger that this may result in some distortion of the picture. First, pavements. The decorated paving can be divided into three main types: true mosaic, pavements of mortar sprinkled with pieces of white and coloured stones, and pavements of mortar with patterns formed by lines of tesserae.


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