Determining the moment and form of concluding a passenger transport contract based on the judgment of the Court of Justice of the European Union in joined cases C-349/18 to C-351/18

The article focuses on discussing the norms of Polish transport law and European Union regulations on the correctly defined of the moment and form of concluding a contract of passengers transport in railway systems. The article also describes the problem of discourse between the content of these legal norms and the jurisprudence practice and doctrine opinion. Moreover, was performed to present a comparative analysis of the relation of the Court of justice of the European Union judgment to the norms of Polish and European law and the case law. Commented on the practices of carriers in regulating the said matter. Internal law acts applicable to the means of transport of Polish railway companies were also analyzed. Keywords: Transport law; Contract of passenger transport; European Union law; Railway transport

Accessibility of bus stops - a problem with platform width

The article is devoted to the problem of accessibility of bus stop platforms for the disabled. The author analyzes the current legal status - the applicable regulations regarding the minimum length, width and height of the platform, as well as the implementation practices which they compare with the needs of people in wheelchairs and scooters. They demonstrate and justifi es the need to make corrections to the above mentioned legal provisions or interpretations - making platforms in the proposed variant. Keywords: Roads; Bus-stops; Disabled

Will there be a renaissance in rail transport after 2021?

As year 2021 was announced the year of rail transport, by the decision made by the EU Council and Parliament on 23rd December 2020, the authors of this article present the history of railway development in Europe and in Poland. The directions of changes in transport policy in the last years of previous century and the early years of this century were not positive for the development of railway. Thou, there is an opportunity for this branch of transport to experience a renaissance. In the article some trends of current changes are shown. A year to year increase in traffic congestions as well as the awareness to protect the natural environment cause that this branch of transport has good perspectives of development. The use of modern technology in rolling stock and in passenger transport infrastructure contribute to the increase of speed, reliability and comfort of travelling and what is more regaining the clients. To minimize the negative influence of transport on environment it is crucial to develop cargo transport. Keywords: Railway transport; Train; Railway development

Coronavirus aviation crisis

The crisis caused by the Coronavirus pandemic has affected various parts of the economy, including air transport. Many carriers have reduced their operations by 70-80% and even some have suspended operations altogether. It will not be possible to restore the precrisis situation related to the Coronavirus pandemic without government support. The state authorities must support the carriers in the interest of maintaining a relatively balanced political and economic situation in the country. For many months, the restrictions will continue in 2021. If this crisis is overcome, it will take several years to restore the state of air traffic development before the coronavirus pandemic. Keywords: Crisis; Aviation; Air traffic

Conditions for the construction of monorails in Poland

The article presents an overview of monorails. The technological conditions for their construction have been taken into account. The conditions for the construction of cableways in Poland were analyzed. In Polish law, there are general provisions specifying and defining monorail, however, to enable the development of this technology in Poland, it is necessary to introduce additional separate regulations. It seems reasonable that a monorail should be treated similarly to a cable car, with some solutions borrowed from the classic. Keywords: Monorail; Cableway

Exclusion of a contractor from participation in a public procurement procedure as a result of contract termination for reasons attributable to them

The article describes obligatory and optional grounds for excluding a contractor on the basis of Polish Public Procurement Law, taking into account the jurisprudence and views of the doctrine. The attention is paid to the optional ground based on art. 24 sec. 5 point 4 of the Polish Act of January 29, 2004, Public Procurement Law, according to which the contracting authority may exclude from the procurement procedure contractors who, for reasons attributable to them, failed to perform or to a significant extent improperly performed a prior public procurement contract or concession contract concluded with the contracting authority, which led to termination or awarding compensation. In order to be able to use the institution, the contracting party must include an appropriate clause in the contract, providing for the possibility of terminating the contract or awarding damages due to contractor’s non- performance or improper performance of the contract, which is a common practice on the Polish public procurement market. However, in the event of such a clause, the contracting authority is obliged to apply it if the condition is met. The article also describes the self- cleaning institution, derived from art. 57 sec. 6 of Directive 2014/24/EU. The self-cleaning procedure can protect the contractor from being excluded from future tenders. However, In order to take advantage of self-cleaning, the contractor has to admit that non-performance or improper performance of the contract is their fault. Keywords: Exclusion; Contractor; Agreement

How to protect data in the face of remote operation?

The current epidemiological situation has a stigma on entrepreneurs, posing challenges related to maintaining business continuity. In previous articles on the protection of personal data, we focused, among others on the reduction of biological exposure of employees or the protection of personal data as part of the collection of medical data of employees and customers / potential customers of enterprises by entrepreneurs. However, these aspects focus on situations where the presence of employees in workplaces is essential. So what is the data protection situation for entities in which it is possible to transfer all or some part of their activities to remote mode and what rules should be followed? Keywords: Remote operation mode; Epidemic; Undertaking

Location of river cargo ports on the Odra Waterway - the results of the analyzes Szczecin and Świnoujście Seaports Authority

Studies on the location of river ports along the Odra Waterway (ODW), the Silesian Canal and the Polish section of the Danube-Odra-Elbe Canal (DOL) have been completed. The multi-criteria analysis of the transport and economic potential of the ODW allowed to determine the location of transport nodes and river ports and to define their categories. The indicated river ports should constitute future concentration points for transport and logistics services. This is especially important in the context of the update of the European TEN-T network, which is planned for 2023. Hence, the key recommendations relate to nine new international transport nodes and trimodal ports located therein. Keywords: River ports; Transport nodes; Cargo port

Integrative transport policy - theory and practice

The availability of transport services is one of the basic conditions for meeting the living needs and socio-economic activity of the population. The lack of access to such services is called a communication exclusion. Analyzes indicate that in Poland, both the number and the length of bus lines, mainly regional bus lines, are systematically decreasing. There is also little interest of local government units in building a common public transport offer. At the same time, the automotive index is rising. An important condition for shaping an integrated public transport network is cooperation: cooperation of various authorities at different levels, cooperation of authorities with carriers, cooperation with residents, enabling them to obtain their opinions. An important role can and should be played by non- governmental organizations that exist and operate in many places in Poland, pointing to the desired and expected solutions in the area of transport, e.g. the course of bicycle routes or the location of transfer points, or pointing to shortcomings and deficiencies in infrastructure. Keywords: Transport policy; Availability of transport services

Airline hub as a source of competitive advantage

The development of airport infrastructure and creation of airline hubs, which have a great importance for the economy, encourage to thorough analysis of their role for airlines. Hub airports are the fundamental source of the competitive advantage of full service network carriers. This article explains their role for airlines. The paper presents also the most important properties of airline hubs, which affect the competitiveness of air carriers. It also presents major challenges related to the functioning of hub airports, which have to be addressed by airlines. These issues are very current due to planning of the new central transport hub in Poland. Keywords: Hub airport; Airlines; Competitiveness; Network carriers