Compared with other flow meters, the theory of electromagnetic flow meter is well developed. Until now, we are able to predict the three dimensional characteristics of this kind of flow meters with reasonable accuracy. This has given much help to the designers to improve the flow meters. On the other hand, the theory can offer a tool for the users of this kind of flow meters to judge the application situations, estimate the possible measurement error, etc. This paper introduces the recent work of the author on the theory of the electromagnetic flow meter. The basic physical conceptions and equations are given with a brief history review of the theory research. Several examples are given of using the theory to analyze the meters’ behavior in different application situations. They are: effect of the conducting pipe connections; errors caused by a pipe wall of different electromagnetic properties; gas-liquid flow and errors caused by a relative motion of the probe.
Hydraulic conductivity distribution in crystalline rocks, derived from inflows to tunnels and galleries in the Central Alps, Switzerland
