A novel vulnerability model considering synergistic effect of fire and overpressure in chemical processing facilities

2022 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 108081
Author(s):  
Long Ding ◽  
Faisal Khan ◽  
Jie Ji
Author(s):  
Brenda E. Lambert ◽  
Ernest C. Hammond

The purpose of this study was to examine the external structure of four human hair shaft samples with the scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and to obtain information regarding the chemical composition of hair by using the attached x ray microanalysis unit.The hair samples were obtained from two female subjects. Sample A was taken from a black female and had not undergone any type of chemical processing. Sample B, C, D were taken from a white female, and were natural, processed, and unpigmented, i.e. “gray”, respectively. Sample C had been bleached, tinted, and chemically altered using a permanent wave technique.


The authors' methodic for assessing the role of chemical and physic-chemical factors during the structure formation of gypsum stone is presented in the article. The methodic is also makes it possible to reveal the synergistic effect and to determine the ranges of variation of controls factors that ensure maximum values of such effect. The effect of a micro-sized modifier based on zinc hydro-silicates on the structure formation of building gypsum is analyzed and corresponding dependencies are found. It is shown that effects of influence of modifier on the properties of gypsum compositions are determined by chemical properties of modifier. Among the mentioned properties are sorption characteristics (which depend on the amount of silicic acid and its state) and physicochemical properties - the ability to act as a substrate during crystal formation. The proposed method can also be extended to other binding substances and materials. This article contributes to the understanding of the processes that occur during the structure formation of composites, which will make it possible to control the structure formation in the future, obtaining materials with a given set of properties.


2005 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoi TAKENAKA ◽  
Sang Jae BAE ◽  
Shinichi SATO ◽  
Ichiro KATAYAMA

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document