Corrigendum to ‘Repellent activity of acetylcarvacrol and its effects on salivary gland morphology in unfed Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)’ [Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, volume 12 issue 5 (2021) 101760]

Abstract Beagles are less susceptible to Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato tick due to the production of the allomones benzaldehyde and 2-hexanone. Our previous published work showed that these compounds can reduce tick burden on susceptible dogs. Here we tested the hypothesis that an increase in repellent dose and release rate could increase repellent efficacy and persistence. Slow-release formulations of these compounds, with higher doses and release rates, were tested on artificially-infested dogs. Ten dogs were randomly assigned to two groups with five dogs each. The treated group received collars with slow-release formulations of the compounds attached, while the control group received collars with clean formulations attached. Five environmental infestations were performed, with the number of ticks (at all stages) on the dogs being counted once a day for 40 days. No significant increase in repellent efficacy was observed with the higher doses and release rates, whereas a greater persistence in repellent activity was observed. Treatment with the formulations resulted in a two-to-three-fold reduction in the number of immature stage ticks for up to three weeks. However, the number of adults was similar in both groups. Loss of repellent activity after the third week of testing coincided with a marked change in the relative release rates for the two compounds. It is hypothesized that relative amounts, rather than absolute amounts, of repellent release from slow-release formulations are important for repellent activity. We also hypothesize that the avoidance of less-preferred hosts by ticks relies on olfactory-mediated perception of specific blends of volatile cues from less preferred hosts.

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The use of imidazole-osmium (C3H4N2/OsO4) to stain lipids in salivary gland histological sections of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari: Ixodidae) female ticks

The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology ◽

10.1016/j.jobaz.2016.10.004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 68-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M.C. Pereira ◽

E.F. Nodari ◽

L.A. Anholeto ◽

M.I. Camargo-Mathias

Keyword(s):

Salivary Gland ◽

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽

Histological Sections ◽

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus Sensu Lato

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Investigation of Tickborne Pathogens within Naturally Infected Brown Dog Tick (Ixodidae: Rhipicephalus Sanguineus) in Egypt by Light and Electron Microscopy

International Journal of Veterinary Science ◽

10.37422/ijvs/20.064 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Salivary Gland ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽

Mammalian Host ◽

Babesia Canis ◽

Brown Dog Tick ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Dog Tick ◽

Theileria Spp

Tick borne pathogens present a significant health challenge to animals and human because a single tick may transmit multiple pathogens to a mammalian host during feeding. The present study detected tick-borne pathogens from pet dogs. A total of 666 ticks were collected from 144 pet and sheltered dogs in Egypt from April to September 2018. For hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland smears 546 ticks were used as well as 360 egg smears from 120 female tick were examined by light microscope. The infected ticks were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ticks were identified; Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Light microscopy showed infection rates of 44.69%, 68.50% & 15.75%, in hemolymph, midgut and salivary gland, respectively. H. canis recorded the highest rates in hemolymph and midgut (35.89% & 49.82%, respectively), but Theileria spp. was the lowest (0.73% & 2.93%, respectively). In salivary gland smears, Babesia canis. was detected in 13.55% and Theileria spp. in 1.83%. Mixed infection in same tick was recorded in 4.76% &0.37% in midgut and salivary gland smears, respectively. Babesia canis stages were recovered from 15% of egg smears. R. sanguineus was natural infected by Babesia, Theileria, Hepatozoon and Anaplasma phagocytophilum as well as mixed infections of protozoa accompanied by a complicated sign of diseases and failure in accurate diagnosis.

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