The Clinical Significance of Raynaud's Phenomenon and Raynaud's Disease

1958 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 963-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray W. Gifford
1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Gerbracht ◽  
Virginia D. Steen ◽  
Gayle L. Ziegler ◽  
Thomas A. Medsger ◽  
Gerald P. Rodnan

Angiology ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Halpern ◽  
Paul H. Kuhn ◽  
Herbert E. Shaftel ◽  
Saul S. Samuels ◽  
Norman Shaftel ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar Qureshi ◽  
Nasreen Khawer Salahuddin

Background: Idiopathic Raynaud’s disease is twice common in women than their counterparts, and secondary Raynaud’s disease co-occurs with a variety of medicosurgical conditions. Both diseases are managed by several medications which are invariably associated with various adverse effects. Objective: This study aimed to describe several standardized SPIRIT and PRISMA steps and items that help in the development of research protocol directed towards systematic review and meta-analysis conduction concerning Raynaud’s phenomenon managed by clinical acupuncture. Methods and Results: Statements, guidelines, list of items and processes related to SPIRIT and PRISMA and their extensions and updated versions are ideal methodological tools in framing Raynaud’s disease and acupuncture research protocols for scientifically conducting not only randomized controlled trials but also systematic review and meta-analysis. By extension, these methodological tools could also be applied to develop research protocols for other diseases and nontraditional treatment interventions with some modifications. A total of 53 studies were included in this study protocol. Discussion: In line with Traditional Chinese Medicine, the pattern of Raynaud’s disease and pros and cons of medical acupuncture should make an important component of discussion, besides the details of included randomized clinical interventions in systematic review and meta-analysis, which are but not limited to treatment effects, their strengths and limitations, quality, heterogeneity and endpoints. Conclusion: The development of research protocol for conducting systematic review and meta-analysis is an art and while framing the draft researchers must take into account various SPIRIT and PRISMA statements and guidelines and their latest versions applicable to various diseases including Raynaud’s phenomenon managed by traditional and modern medications across the world.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e243848
Author(s):  
Yae Sul Jeong ◽  
Margaret Menoch

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a well-known disorder of self-limiting paroxysmal vasospasms occurring in small arteries of the digits, in the order of skin pallor (white), followed by cyanosis (blue), ending with hyperemia (red). These designative triphasic colour changes with exposure to cold, or emotional response is diagnostic in adults. RP is a very rare phenomenon in the young paediatric population as noted by Nigrovic et al with 123 patients <19 year old in a large children’s centre over 10 years and only 4 patients being <2 years old, with 69% of these being primary RP. To our knowledge, this is the youngest documented case of Raynaud’s disease that has not required treatment.


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