Dual therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir plus lamivudine versus triple therapy with lopinavir and ritonavir plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral-therapy-naive adults with HIV-1 infection: 48 week results of the randomised, open label, non-inferiority GARDEL trial

Background: Emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug resistance mutations prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy is a serious problem in clinical management of HIV/AIDS. Risk factors for appearance of drug resistance mutations are not known. We hypothesize that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection may contribute to rapid emergence of such mutations in antiretroviral therapy–naïve patients. Methods: A total of 115 patients were recruited in this study of which 75 were HIV+TB+ coinfected (group 1) and 40 were HIV+TB− (group 2). Blood samples from all the patients were collected and CD4+ cell counts; HIV-1 plasma viral load and sequencing of protease and two-third region of reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 was performed and analyzed for drug resistance pattern. Results: For patients with HIV+TB+, 10.6% (8/75) had mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), 4% (3/75) to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and only 2.6% (2/75) patients had mutations to protease inhibitors. Interestingly, for group 2 (HIV+TB−), there were only NNRTI mutations found among these patients, and only 3 patients (7.5%) had these drug-resistant mutations. Clade typing and phylogenetic tree analysis showed HIV-1 subtype C predominance in these patients. Conclusions: Our study showed that higher percentage of HIV drug resistance mutations was found among HIV+TB+ individuals compared with tuberculosis-uninfected patients. Tuberculosis coinfection may be a risk factor for emergence of high frequency of drug resistance mutations. Studies with a larger sample size will help to confirm these findings from the Indian population.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cabotegravir plus rilpivirine, once a day, after induction with cabotegravir plus nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in antiretroviral-naive adults with HIV-1 infection (LATTE): a randomised, phase 2b, dose-ranging trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725668276.793532496 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Daar

Keyword(s):

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽

Dose Ranging ◽

Hiv 1

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An insight on promising strategies hoping to cure HIV-1 infection by targeting Rev protein—short review

Pharmacological Reports ◽

10.1007/s43440-021-00257-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sahana Pai ◽

Jayesh Mudgal ◽

B. Venkatesh Kamath ◽

K. Sreedhara Ranganath Pai

Keyword(s):

Reverse Transcriptase ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Short Review ◽

Fixed Dose ◽

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors ◽

Promising Therapeutic Target ◽

Latent Hiv ◽

Approved Drugs ◽

Hiv 1

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection remains to be one of the major threats throughout the world. Many researchers are working in this area to find a cure for HIV-1. The group of the FDA approved drugs which are currently used against HIV-1 in the clinical practice include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), integrase inhibitors (InIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). Fixed dose combinations (FDCs) of these drugs are available and are used as per the anti-retroviral therapy (ART) guidelines. Despite these, unfortunately, there is no cure for HIV1 infection to date. The present review is focused upon describing the importance of a post-transcriptional regulatory protein “Rev”, responsible for latent HIV-1 infection as a possible, and promising therapeutic target against HIV-1.

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