scholarly journals Multidimensional scaling of D15 caps: Color-vision defects among tobacco smokers?

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID BIMLER ◽  
JOHN KIRKLAND
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Color Discrimination ◽  
Toxic Exposure ◽  
Panel Test ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

Tobacco smoke contains a range of toxins including carbon monoxide and cyanide. With specialized cells and high metabolic demands, the optic nerve and retina are vulnerable to toxic exposure. We examined the possible effects of smoking on color vision: specifically, whether smokers perceive a different pattern of suprathreshold color dissimilarities from nonsmokers. It is already known that smokers differ in threshold color discrimination, with elevated scores on the Roth 28-Hue Desaturated panel test. Groups of smokers and nonsmokers, matched for sex and age, followed a triadic procedure to compare dissimilarities among 32 pigmented stimuli (the caps of the saturated and desaturated versions of the D15 panel test). Multidimensional scaling was applied to quantify individual variations in the salience of the axes of color space. Despite the briefness, simplicity, and “low-tech” nature of the procedure, subtle but statistically significant differences did emerge: on average the smoking group were significantly less sensitive to red–green differences. This is consistent with some form of injury to the optic nerve.

Color-Vision Defects in Alcoholism

1971 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Smith ◽  
George A. Brinton
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

Macular Color Vision Defects

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOEL POKORNY ◽  
VIVIANNE C. SMITH ◽  
J. TERRY ERNEST
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

Red-Green Color Vision, Defects

2018 ◽  
pp. 1499-1501
Author(s):  
Niloofar Yari ◽  
Sumayya J. Almarzouqi ◽  
Michael L. Morgan ◽  
Andrew G. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

Testing Color Vision in Children

2022 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kristen L. Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Career Interests ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Vision Defect ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects

It is important to screen for acquired or hereditary color vision defects as early as possible. Color vision is a critical part of the early learning experience, and children who have color deficiencies may have difficulties compared to their peers if there is color-based schoolwork. It becomes important for career interests/goals for older children as some jobs may require normal color vision. Hereditary red-green deficiencies are X-linked and therefore affect approximately 8% of males and less than 1% of females. Acquired color vision defects and blue-yellow defects are rare in the pediatric population; therefore, these conditions will be discussed minimally in this chapter. Infants are able to discern color by 2-3 months of age, but accurate color naming may not develop until 4-6 years of age. Screening tests are sensitive, fast, and easy to administer. If a deficiency is suspected through screening, further testing must be evaluated in order to determine the type and severity of the color vision defect. Color vision is typically tested starting at age 3 years and up.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Lanthony Desaturated Panel D-15 Test in Anomalous Trichromats with Congenital Red-green Color Vision Defects

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Miyazaki ◽  
Teiko Kashiwada ◽  
Takaaki Hayashi ◽  
Takaaki Kitakawa ◽  
Akiko Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Color Vision ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Color Vision Defects ◽  
Vision Defects
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