scholarly journals What can visual electrophysiology tell about possible visual-field defects in paediatric patients

Eye ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân E. Handley ◽  
Maja Šuštar ◽  
Manca Tekavčič Pompe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Central Scotoma ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Paediatric Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Testing ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Visual Electrophysiology ◽  
Subjective Input

AbstractRecognising a potential visual-field (VF) defect in paediatric patients might be challenging, especially in children before the age of 5 years and those with developmental delay or intellectual disability. Visual electrophysiological testing is an objective and non-invasive technique for evaluation of visual function in paediatric patients, which can characterise the location of dysfunction and differentiate between disorders of the retina, optic nerve and visual pathway. The recording of electroretinography (ERG) and visual-evoked potentials (VEP) is possible from early days of life and requires no subjective input from the patient. As the origins of ERG and VEP tests are known, the pattern of electrophysiological changes can provide information about the VF of a child unable to perform accurate perimetry. This review summarises previously published electrophysiological findings in several common types of VF defects that can be found in paediatric patients (generalised VF defect, peripheral VF loss, central scotoma, bi-temporal hemianopia, altitudinal VF defect, quadrantanopia and homonymous hemianopia). It also shares experience on using electrophysiological testing as additional functional evidence to other tests in the clinical challenge of diagnosing or excluding VF defects in complex paediatric patients. Each type of VF defect is illustrated with one or two clinical cases.

Perimetric Study of Field Defects in Monkeys after Cortical and Retinal Ablations

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Cowey
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Striate Cortex ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Central Scotoma ◽  
Eccentric Fixation ◽  
Field Defect ◽  
Primary Projection ◽  
Field Defects

Monocular visual field defects were studied in two monkeys. In one, the macular retina was destroyed by photocoagulation, producing a central scotoma and consistent 5° eccentric fixation. In a second animal the effects of removal of macular projection area in striate cortex and subsequent photocoagulation of the macula were compared. The cortical operation produced a partial field defect, i.e. a region of diminished sensitivity but not a scotoma, which became with practice much smaller than the region of retina whose primary projection area had been ablated. A 10° eccentric fixation was observed. Following the second, retinal, operation a macular scotoma was demonstrated whose size and position corresponded closely with the area of retinal destruction as determined by photography of the fundus and later histological examination of the retina.

scholarly journals Pupillometry: a non-invasive technique for pain assessment in paediatric patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1125-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Connelly ◽  
J. T. Brown ◽  
G. L. Kearns ◽  
R. A. Anderson ◽  
S. D. St Peter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Paediatric Patients

B-scan ultrasound, visual electrophysiology and perioperative videoendoscopy for predicting functional results in keratoprosthesis candidates

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316962
Author(s):  
Luzia Diegues Silva ◽  
Albert Santos ◽  
Flavio Hirai ◽  
Norma Allemann ◽  
Adriana Berezovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Negative Finding ◽  
Electrophysiological Testing ◽  
Electrophysiological Findings ◽  
Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis ◽  
Visual Electrophysiology ◽  
Better Than

Background/AimsWe analysed the ability of B-scan ultrasound, ocular electrophysiology testing and videoendoscopic examination for predicting visual prognosis in Boston Type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro-1) candidates. Indirect anatomical and electrophysiological findings and results from direct endoscopic evaluations were correlated with postoperative functional data.MethodsIn this prospective and interventional study, we included 13 individuals who had previously been indicated for Kpro-1 surgery. All subjects underwent preoperative screening, including ophthalmic evaluation, B-scan ultrasound, electrophysiological testing, and perioperative intraocular videoendoscopic evaluation (VE). B-scan ultrasound, electrophysiological testing, and VE evaluation results were categorised as favourable or unfavourable predictors of postoperative functional results according to predefined criteria. The predictability values of B-scan ultrasound, electrophysiological testing, and VE prognostication were calculated based on the visual acuity level achieved.ResultsAll surgeries and perioperative VEs were uneventful. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) ranged from light perception to counting fingers. The 1-year postoperative BCVA was better than 20/200 (satisfactory visual acuity result) in 10 eyes (76.9%) and 20/40 or better in 5 eyes (38.5%). B-scan ultrasound presented a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85.7% for satisfactory postoperative visual acuity, electroretinography showed a PPV of 66.7%, and visual evoked potential presented a PPV of 66.7%. The perioperative VE PPV of a negative finding for satisfactory visual acuity was 100%.ConclusionsFundoscopic visualisation by intraocular VE is a minimally invasive procedure that can be used to predict functional outcomes in keratoprosthesis candidates. This technique demonstrated better prognostication in keratoprosthesis candidates than B-scan ultrasound and electrophysiological testing.

scholarly journals The effect of duration post-migraine on visual electrophysiology and visual field performance in people with migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao N Nguyen ◽  
Algis J Vingrys ◽  
Allison M McKendrick
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Pattern Electroretinogram ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Visual Field Loss ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Electrophysiological Responses ◽  
Visual Electrophysiology ◽  
Cortical Dysfunction ◽  
Abnormal Visual

Purpose: In between migraine attacks, some people show visual field defects that are worse when measured closer to the end of a migraine event. In this cohort study, we consider whether electrophysiological responses correlate with visual field performance at different times post-migraine, and explore evidence for cortical versus retinal origin. Methods: Twenty-six non-headache controls and 17 people with migraine performed three types of perimetry (static, flicker and blue-on-yellow) to assess different aspects of visual function at two visits conducted at different durations post-migraine. On the same days, the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and visual evoked response (PVER) were recorded. Results: Migraine participants showed persistent, interictal, localised visual field loss, with greater deficits at the visit nearer to migraine offset. Spatial patterns of visual field defect consistent with retinal and cortical dysfunction were identified. The PERG was normal, whereas the PVER abnormality found did not change with time post-migraine and did not correlate with abnormal visual field performance. Conclusions: Dysfunction on clinical tests of vision is common in between migraine attacks; however, the nature of the defect varies between individuals and can change with time. People with migraine show markers of both retinal and/or cortical dysfunction. Abnormal visual field sensitivity does not predict abnormality on electrophysiological testing.

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