Occurrence of ochratoxin A in cocoa beans: Effect of shelling

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Amézqueta ◽  
E González-Peñas ◽  
M Murillo ◽  
A López de Cerain
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans

Effect of post-harvest treatments on the occurrence of ochratoxin A in raw cocoa beans

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kra Brou Didier Kedjebo ◽  
Tagro Simplice Guehi ◽  
Brou Kouakou ◽  
Noël Durand ◽  
Philippe Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Post Harvest

ITS-RFLP characterization of black Aspergillus isolates responsible for ochratoxin A contamination in cocoa beans

2009 ◽  
Vol 229 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Bisbal ◽  
Jose Vicente Gil ◽  
Daniel Ramón ◽  
Pedro Vicente Martínez-Culebras
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans

Modified Method for the Determination of Mycotoxins in Cocoa Beans

1973 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1028-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M Scott
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Modified Method

Abstract Method 26.026–26.030 was modified for the analysis of cocoa beans for aflatoxins by inclusion of 3% silver nitrate solution in the extraction solvent mixture. Recoveries of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A added at levels of 5–45 and 20–300 μg/kg, respectively, were satisfactory.

scholarly journals Grading of Fermented and Dried Cocoa Beans Using Fungal Contamination, Ergosterol Index and Ochratoxin a Production

Mycobiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Aroyeun ◽  
G. O. Adegoke ◽  
J. Varga ◽  
J. Teren
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Cocoa Beans

Sampling of Cocoa Beans and Quantification of Ochratoxin A: Validation of the Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 4908-4917
Author(s):  
A. Coulibaly ◽  
A. Dembele ◽  
K. Bohoussou ◽  
A. Toure ◽  
G. Biego
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans

scholarly journals Determination of ochratoxin A levels in ivorian cocoa beans intended for exportation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Coulibaly ◽  
A Dembele ◽  
HMG Biego ◽  
KM Bohoussou ◽  
A Toure
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans

Aflatoxins and ochratoxin A: occurrence and contamination levels in cocoa beans from Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polyane Novais Pires ◽  
Eugênia Azevedo Vargas ◽  
Mateus Batista Gomes ◽  
Caroline Brasil Melo Vieira ◽  
Eliene Alves dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Contamination Levels

scholarly journals Incidence of Pod Integrity on the Fungal Microflora and Ochratoxin-A Production in Cocoa

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Mounjouenpou ◽  
Dominique Gueule ◽  
Suzanne Abeline Maboune Tetmoun ◽  
Bernard Guyot ◽  
Angélique Fontana-Tachon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Aspergillus Carbonarius ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Toxigenic Strains

Ochratoxin-A (OTA) is a mycotoxin that has nephrotoxic, tetragenic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic effects in the human organism. It contaminates several foodstuffs, notably cocoa. The purpose of our study was to compare the incidence of cocoa pod integrity on the fungal microflora and ochratoxin- A production in Cameroon. Irrespective of pod condition, fermented cocoa beans were contaminated by OTA. The maximum mould content was obtained in beans from damaged pod. However, the fungal microflora was more diversified for beans from pod damaged during harvesting than for beans from intact pods, throughout the post-harvest process. The toxigenic strains isolated belonged to the genera Aspergillus. Aspergillus carbonarius isolated from damaged pods, displayed the greatest OTA production which was 110.7 ng.g-1 on cocoa medium and 2772,0 ng.g-1  on official medium. There was a good correlation between OTA presence in the beans and isolated toxigenic strains.

Determination of Ochratoxin A in Cocoa Beans Using Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 884-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Roberts ◽  
Ivan Chang-Yen ◽  
Frances Bekele ◽  
Isaac Bekele ◽  
Lisa Harrynanan
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽  
Cocoa Bean ◽  
Immunoaffinity Column ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
High Degree

Abstract A method was developed and validated for the determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), a fungal metabolite, in cocoa beans of high fat content. The sample was extracted by blending with a 1% sodium bicarbonate solution (pH 10) followed by ultrasonication, and the sample was defatted by treatment with a flocculant. The defatted sample was purified using immunoaffinity column chromatography, and OTA was detected using HPLC with fluorescence detection. The method was fully optimized, validated, and quality controlled using spike recovery analyses, with recoveries of 89–105% over spiking ranges of 320–2.5 ng/g with CV of analyses generally <10% over 4 consecutive years and an LOQ of 0.66 ng/g in cocoa bean samples. This method overcomes the problems posed by the high fat contents of cocoa and chocolate samples with a high degree of reliability.

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