The Nature of Electrochemical Reactions Between Several Zinc Organodithiophosphate Antiwear Additives and Cast Iron Surfaces

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon S. Wang ◽  
Shyam P. Maheswari ◽  
Simon C. Tung
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Antiwear Additives ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions

Electrochemical nucleation and growth of copper on iron and aluminum: A TEM study of industrial copper cementation

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
L.E. Murr ◽  
V. Annamalai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Surface ◽  
Copper Deposit ◽  
Nucleation And Growth ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Electrochemical Reactions ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
De Re ◽  
Copper Precipitation ◽  
Electrochemical Nucleation ◽  
Interesting System

Georgius Agricola in 1556 in his classical book, “De Re Metallica”, mentioned a strange water drawn from a mine shaft near Schmölnitz in Hungary that eroded iron and turned it into copper. This precipitation (or cementation) of copper on iron was employed as a commercial technique for producing copper at the Rio Tinto Mines in Spain in the 16th Century, and it continues today to account for as much as 15 percent of the copper produced by several U.S. copper companies.In addition to the Cu/Fe system, many other similar heterogeneous, electrochemical reactions can occur where ions from solution are reduced to metal on a more electropositive metal surface. In the case of copper precipitation from solution, aluminum is also an interesting system because of economic, environmental (ecological) and energy considerations. In studies of copper cementation on aluminum as an alternative to the historical Cu/Fe system, it was noticed that the two systems (Cu/Fe and Cu/Al) were kinetically very different, and that this difference was due in large part to differences in the structure of the residual, cement-copper deposit.

The Bursting of Small Cast-Iron Flywheels

1902 ◽  
Vol 53 (1362supp) ◽  
pp. 21824-21826
Author(s):  
Charles H. Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron
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