From Fast Oscillations to Circadian Rhythms: Coupling at Multiscale Frequency Bands in the Rodent Subcortical Visual System

The subcortical visual system (SVS) is a unique collection of brain structures localised in the thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. The SVS receives ambient light inputs from retinal ganglion cells and integrates this signal with internal homeostatic demands to influence physiology. During this processing, a multitude of oscillatory frequency bands coalesces, with some originating from the retinas, while others are intrinsically generated in the SVS. Collectively, these rhythms are further modulated by the day and night cycle. The multiplexing of these diverse frequency bands (from circadian to infra-slow and gamma oscillations) makes the SVS an interesting system to study coupling at multiscale frequencies. We review the functional organisation of the SVS, and the various frequencies generated and processed by its neurons. We propose a perspective on how these different frequency bands couple with one another to synchronise the activity of the SVS to control physiology and behaviour.

Vacuity in synthesis

In reactive synthesis, one begins with a temporal specification $$\varphi $$ φ , and automatically synthesizes a system $$M$$ M such that $$M\models \varphi $$ M ⊧ φ . As many systems can satisfy a given specification, it is natural to seek ways to force the synthesis tool to synthesize systems that are of a higher quality, in some well-defined sense. In this article we focus on a well-known measure of the way in which a system satisfies its specification, namely vacuity. Our conjecture is that if the synthesized system M satisfies $$\varphi $$ φ non-vacuously, then M is likely to be closer to the user’s intent, because it satisfies $$\varphi $$ φ in a more “meaningful” way. Narrowing the gap between the formal specification and the designer’s intent in this way, automatically, is the topic of this article. Specifically, we propose a bounded synthesis method for achieving this goal. The notion of vacuity as defined in the context of model checking, however, is not necessarily refined enough for the purpose of synthesis. Hence, even when the synthesized system is technically non-vacuous, there are yet more interesting (equivalently, less vacuous) systems, and we would like to be able to synthesize them. To that end, we cope with the problem of synthesizing a system that is as non-vacuous as possible, given that the set of interesting behaviours with respect to a given specification induce a partial order on transition systems. On the theoretical side we show examples of specifications for which there is a single maximal element in the partial order (i.e., the most interesting system), a set of equivalent maximal elements, or a number of incomparable maximal elements. We also show examples of specifications that induce infinite chains of increasingly interesting systems. These results have implications on how non-vacuous the synthesized system can be. We implemented the new procedure in our synthesis tool PARTY. For this purpose we added to it the capability to synthesize a system based on a property which is a conjunction of universal and existential LTL formulas.

Structure of double pionic atoms

We study theoretically the structure of double pionic atoms, in which two negatively charged pions (π-) are bound in the atomic orbits. The double pionic atom is considered to be an interesting system from the point of view of the multi bosonic systems. In addition, it could be possible to deduce valuable information on the isospin I = 2 π π interaction and the pion-nucleus strong interaction. In this paper, we take into account the π π strong and electromagnetic interactions, and evaluate the effects on the binding energies by perturbation theory for the double pionic atoms in heavy nuclei. We investigate several combinations of two pionic states and find that the order of magnitude of the energy shifts due to the π π interaction is around 10 keV for the strong interaction and around 100 keV for the electromagnetic interaction for the ground states.

Historical Shifts in China’s Forensic Medicine Education and Service Mode Since 1949

China (only China mainland included in this article) differs significantly from any other country of the world, in terms of its current system of forensic medicine, which could be generally characterized by “the three world’s firsts”: the world’s first to establish undergraduate degree in forensic medicine nationally, the world’s first to add forensic medicine division to police criminal investigation system nationally, and the world’s first to permit market-oriented forensic medicine services nationally. To understand how such an interesting system was developed, the important historical shifts in China’s forensic medicine education and service mode that have ever occurred since 1949 are analyzed in this article. Then the advantages and deficiencies of the current system are briefly discussed. Finally, principles for China’s future forensic medicine system are proposed.

Faktor-Faktor Kebijakan Yang Mempengaruhi Tabungan Mudharabah Pada Perbankan Syariah Di Indonesia

The first Islamic bank as a pioneer did not use an interesting system but instead used a profit-sharing system, namely Bank Muamalat Indonesia. The National Sharia Council has issued a fatwa stating that justified savings are savings based on Islamic principles, namely mudharabah and wadiah. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of policy factors on mudharabah savings transactions in Islamic banking partially and simultaneously. This research uses a quantitative method where the data is in the form of a ratio. The population in this research 34 Islamic banks in Indonesia and were used as samples. The results of the research are statistically proven partially and simultaneously inflation, exchange rates and the BI Rate have a significant effect on mudharabah savings.

Three short-period Jupiters from TESS

We report the confirmation and mass determination of three hot Jupiters discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission: HIP 65Ab (TOI-129, TIC-201248411) is an ultra-short-period Jupiter orbiting a bright (V = 11.1 mag) K4-dwarf every 0.98 days. It is a massive 3.213 ± 0.078 MJ planet in a grazing transit configuration with an impact parameter of b = 1.17−0.08+0.10. As a result the radius is poorly constrained, 2.03−0.49+0.61RJ. The planet’s distance to its host star is less than twice the separation at which it would be destroyed by Roche lobe overflow. It is expected to spiral into HIP 65A on a timescale ranging from 80 Myr to a few gigayears, assuming a reduced tidal dissipation quality factor of Qs′ = 107 − 109. We performed a full phase-curve analysis of the TESS data and detected both illumination- and ellipsoidal variations as well as Doppler boosting. HIP 65A is part of a binary stellar system, with HIP 65B separated by 269 AU (3.95 arcsec on sky). TOI-157b (TIC 140691463) is a typical hot Jupiter with a mass of 1.18 ± 0.13 MJ and a radius of 1.29 ± 0.02 RJ. It has a period of 2.08 days, which corresponds to a separation of just 0.03 AU. This makes TOI-157 an interesting system, as the host star is an evolved G9 sub-giant star (V = 12.7). TOI-169b (TIC 183120439) is a bloated Jupiter orbiting a V = 12.4 G-type star. It has a mass of 0.79 ±0.06 MJ and a radius of 1.09−0.05+0.08RJ. Despite having the longest orbital period (P = 2.26 days) of the three planets, TOI-169b receives the most irradiation and is situated on the edge of the Neptune desert. All three host stars are metal rich with [Fe / H] ranging from 0.18 to0.24.

Emergence of Warm Inflation in Curved Space-Time between Accelerating Branes

It appears that having our own brane to somehow interact with other branes could give rise to quite an interesting system and that interaction could lead to some observable effects. We consider the question of whether or not these signatures of interaction between the branes can be observed. To answer this question, we investigate the effect induced by the inflaton in the WMAP7 data using the warm inflationary model. In this model, slow-roll and perturbation parameters are given in terms of the inflaton thermal distribution. We show that this distribution depends on the orbital radius of the brane motion under the interaction potential of other branes in extra dimensions. Thus, an enhancement in the brane inflation can be a signature of an orbital motion in extra dimensions, and consequently, some signals of other branes can be detected by observational data. According to experimental data, the N≃50 case leads to ns≃0.96, where N and ns are the number of e-folds and the spectral index, respectively. This standard case may be found in the range 0.01<Rtensor‐scalar<0.22, where Rtensor‐scalar is the tensor-scalar ratio. We find that at this point, the radial distance between our brane and another brane is R=1.5 GeV−1 in intermediate and R=0.02225 GeV−1 in logamediate inflation.

Reef fish functional composition and metrics reveal spatial differences in three protected islands in the Eastern Pacific

Reef fish assemblages in the Eastern Pacific (EP) represent an interesting system to understand how areas with lower diversity respond to multiple factors and their effect on ecosystem functions and services. Among the multiple approaches that have emerged, the evaluation of functional metrics provides an initial comprehension of these relationships. In this context, to better understand reef fish variability in the EP, we evaluated spatial differences in ecological metrics, the composition of fish assemblages, and their relationship with habitat structure in coral communities at 3 islands in Mexico (Marietas, Isabel, and Cleofas). To include a functional approach, we created a functional entity (FE) matrix using species abundance and 6 categorical functional traits; specifically, we calculated ecological metrics that reflect the representation or under-representation of species in the functions or FEs (redundancy and vulnerability) and the rarity in FEs and species and their relationship with habitat structure. Overall, most of the fish FEs in the EP were represented by 1 species (i.e. high vulnerability and low functional redundancy). Despite the low redundancy recorded in the islands, reef fish performed multiple key functions; however, many functions remained rare. Furthermore, both metrics and fish composition showed high variability among sites and islands, but this variability was only partially explained by a few variables of habitat structure (i.e. rugosity). These results, in combination with the unique characteristics of coral communities in the EP, highlight the need to identify the drivers of fish assemblages and their effect on the ecosystem processes and services in order to implement unique management strategies for each island.

Pulse nonlinear optical switching in plasmonic structures

We study switching operation in a plasmonic coupler using fs-pulses. Simulations using the finite difference time-domain method (FDTD) are carried out showing how the output changes as the pulse energy increases raising from zero to a maximum. Both cases of neglecting and realistic losses are considered in order to compare. The work is intended to explore the use of pulses for all-optical signal processing in a potentially interesting system for integrated photonics at the nanometric scale.

Wesbite e-Commerce Lia Cake (Studi Kasus : Lia Cake di Desa Rumbai Jaya Kecamatan Kempas)

A cottage industry business units on a small scale in a particular industry. These efforts usually uses only one or two of the House as the center of production, administration and marketing at once simultaneously. When viewed from venture capital and the amount of energy absorbed is certainly less than big companies in General. Proven internet technologies is one of the media information that is efficient and effective in the dissemination of information that can be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere. So it is with Lia Cake home industry, an industry of households should be able to make information services and promotions to attract the attention of consumers. In addition to accurate information, fast, and easy, information submitted should be packed with interesting. System sales cottage industry of Lia Cake was by way of phone or sms and is not yet online, to promote it only from the mouth to the mouth. Sales system in this way takes a long time in the sales process, then the system is judged less effective and efficient. If you only rely on sales system in a way that the income of this household industry entrepreneurs have not experienced a significant increase. In addition to this household industry feels judged a bit slow. Therefore be designed a system of online sales by using a website with the goal to minimize the time the sales process with the aim of can increase the sales volume of household industry revenues so it can increased and customers may affect booking products without having to come directly to the cottage industry of Lia Cake.