Relativity of Judgements about Sound Amplitude and the Asymmetry of the Same-Different ROC

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1035-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Hautus ◽  
R. John Irwin ◽  
Sarah Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Receiver Operating

The problem of deciding whether two things are the same or different in magnitude can be solved by judging one magnitude relative to the other, or by making absolute judgements about the magnitude of each. The shape of the resulting receiver operating characteristic depends on which solution is adopted. In order to obtain empirical receiver operating characteristics, we therefore had subjects rate their confidence that two tone amplitudes were the same or different. Four subjects each made 500 ratings of three differences in amplitude. The asymmetry in the obtained characteristics indicated that subjects made relative rather than absolute judgements of the amplitudes, despite the fact that making absolute judgements would lead to better performance on the task.

scholarly journals A Simple Noninvasive Model to Predict Significant Fibrosis in Children With Chronic Hepatitis B

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Ling Zhang ◽  
Xiu-Qi Chen ◽  
Zi-Li Lv ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Xiang Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Significant Fibrosis ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Objectives: to develope a noninvasive model for significant fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods: A total 116 CHB pediatric patients who had undergone liver biopsy were included in the study. Blood routine examination, coagulation function, liver biochemistry, viral serology and viral load were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze sensitivity and specificity of all possible cut-off values.Results: Based on the correlation and difference analysis, 7 available clinical parameters [Total bile acid (TBA), Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT), Aspartate transaminase(AST), Direct bilirubin to total bilirubin ratio (D/T), Alanine aminotransferase(ALT), Prealbumin (PA),and Cholinesterase（CHE）] were included for modeling analysis. A model to predict significant liver fibrosis (Ishak fibrosis score ≥2) was derived using the two best parameters (PA and GGT) The original model was . After mathematical calculation, the G index 600×GGT/PA2 predicts significant fibrosis with an area under the receiving operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.733，95% IC (0.643-0.811). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of G index (0.733,) was higher than that of APRI (0.680) and FIB-4(0.601) to predict significant fibrosis in children with CHB. If the G index's values outside 0.28-1.16, 52% of children with CHB could avoid liver biopsy with an overall accuracy of 75%.Conclusions: The G index can predict and exclude significant fibrosis in children with HBV, which may reduce the liver biopsy need for children with CHB.

scholarly journals A Simple Noninvasive Model to Predict Significant Fibrosis in Children with Chronic Hepatitis B

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang-Ling Zhang ◽  
Xiu-Qi Chen ◽  
Zi-Li Lv ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Xiang Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Significant Fibrosis ◽  
Receiver Operating

Abstract Background: To develope a noninvasive model for significant fibrosis in children with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods: A total 116 CHB pediatric patientswere who had undergone liver biopsy were included in the study. The gold standard of fibrosis was assessed by liver histology. blood routine examination, coagulation function, liver biochemistry, viral serology and viral load were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze sensitivity and specificity of all possible cut-off values.Results: Based on the correlation and difference analysis, 7 available clinical parameters [Total bile acid (TBA), Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)，Aspartate transaminase(AST)，Direct bilirubin to total bilirubin ratio (D/T)，Alanine aminotransferase(ALT)，Prealbumin，(PA)，and Cholinesterase（CHE）were included for modeling analysis. A model to predict significant liver fibrosis (Ishak fibrosis score ≥2) was derived using the two best parameters (PA and GGT) The original model was. After mathematical calculation, the G index 600×GGT/PA2 predicts significant fibrosis with an area under the receiving operating characteristics (AUROC) curve of 0.733，95% IC (0.643-0.811). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of G index (0.733,) was higher than that of APRI (0.680) and FIB-4(0.601) to predict significant fibrosis in children with CHB. If the G index's values outside 0.28-1.16, 52% of children with CHB could avoid liver biopsy with an overall accuracy of 75%.Conclusions: The G index can predict and exclude significant fibrosis in children with HBV, which may reduce the liver biopsy need for children with CHB.

scholarly journals Lognormal Lorenz and normal receiver operating characteristic curves as mirror images

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140280 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Irwin ◽  
Michael J. Hautus
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Lorenz Curve ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Equal Variance ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Receiver Operating

The Lorenz curve for assessing economic inequality depicts the relation between two cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), one for the distribution of incomes or wealth and the other for their first-moment distribution. By contrast, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for evaluating diagnostic systems depicts the relation between the complements of two CDFs, one for the distribution noise and the other for the distribution of signal plus noise. We demonstrate that the lognormal model of the Lorenz curve, which is often adopted to model the distribution of income and wealth, is a mirror image of the equal-variance normal model of the ROC curve, which is a fundamental model for evaluating diagnostic systems. The relationship between these two models extends the potential application of each. For example, the lognormal Lorenz curve can be used to evaluate diagnostic systems derived from equal-variance normal distributions.

Übereinstimmung von klinischer Diagnose, strukturierten Interviews und Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen bei Depression im Kindes- und Jugendalter

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Dolle ◽  
Gerd Schulte-Körne ◽  
Nikolaus von Hofacker ◽  
Yonca Izat ◽  
Antje-Kathrin Allgaier
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Kinder Und Jugendliche ◽  
Prädiktive Werte ◽  
Receiver Operating

Fragestellung: Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Übereinstimmung von strukturierten Kind- und Elterninterviews sowie dem klinischen Urteil bei der Diagnostik depressiver Episoden im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Zudem prüft sie, ob sich die Treffsicherheit und die optimalen Cut-off-Werte von Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen in Referenz zu diesen verschiedenen Beurteilerperspektiven unterscheiden. Methodik: Mit 81 Kindern (9–12 Jahre) und 88 Jugendlichen (13–16 Jahre), die sich in kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Kliniken oder Praxen vorstellten, und ihren Eltern wurden strukturierte Kinder-DIPS-Interviews durchgeführt. Die Kinder füllten das Depressions-Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche (DIKJ) aus, die Jugendlichen die Allgemeine Depressions-Skala in der Kurzform (ADS-K). Übereinstimmungen wurden mittels Kappa-Koeffizienten ermittelt. Optimale Cut-off-Werte, Sensitivität, Spezifität sowie positive und negative prädiktive Werte wurden anhand von Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) Kurven bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Die Interviews stimmten untereinander sowie mit dem klinischen Urteil niedrig bis mäßig überein. Depressive Episoden wurden häufiger nach klinischem Urteil als in den Interviews festgestellt. Cut-off-Werte und Validitätsmaße der Selbstbeurteilungsfragebögen variierten je nach Referenzstandard mit den schlechtesten Ergebnissen für das klinische Urteil. Schlussfolgerungen: Klinische Beurteiler könnten durch den Einsatz von strukturierten Interviews profitieren. Strategien für den Umgang mit diskrepanten Kind- und Elternangaben sollten empirisch geprüft und detailliert beschrieben werden.

Kriteriumsbezogene Cut-Off-Werte für Tätigkeitsspielraum und Arbeitsintensität

Diagnostica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Mustapha ◽  
Renate Rau
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristics ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Receiver Operating

Zusammenfassung. Cut-Off-Werte ermöglichen eine ökonomische, binäre Beurteilung von Summenscores. Für Beanspruchungsfragebögen, die personenbezogene Merkmale erfragen, sind Cut-Off-Werte häufig vorhanden und in der klinischen Diagnostik unerlässlich. Für die Bewertung von Arbeitsmerkmalen sind Cut-Off-Werte ebenfalls wünschenswert. Bislang fehlen sie jedoch für die Beurteilung von Arbeitsmerkmalen wie Arbeitsintensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum. Zwischen 2006 und 2016 wurden daher in verschiedenen Branchen 801 objektive Arbeitsplatzanalysen durchgeführt, welche eine Unterteilung in gut und schlecht gestalteten Tätigkeitsspielraum sowie gut und schlecht gestaltete Arbeitsintensität nach DIN EN ISO 6385 (2016) ermöglichen. Anhand dieser Unterteilung wurden mit der Receiver-Operating-Characteristics-Analyse Cut-Off-Werte für den subjektiv-bedingungsbezogen Fragebogen zum Erleben von Arbeitsintensität und Tätigkeitsspielraum (FIT; Richter et al., 2000 ) ermittelt. Für den Tätigkeitsspielraum weisen Summenscores ≤ 22 und für die Arbeitsintensität Summenscores ≥ 15 auf eine schlechte Gestaltung des jeweiligen Arbeitsmerkmals hin. Anhand einer weiteren Stichprobe von 1 076 Arbeitenden konnte gezeigt werden, dass Arbeitende mit schlecht gestaltetem Tätigkeitspielraum vital erschöpfter sowie weniger engagiert sind und Arbeitende mit schlecht gestalteter Arbeitsintensität eine höhere Erholungsunfähigkeit sowie vitale Erschöpfung aufweisen.

Use of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves to Evaluate Computer Confidence Threshold and Clinical Performance in the Diagnosis of Appendicitis

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal ◽  
Jane C. Horrocks
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Clinical Performance ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Confidence Threshold ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Computer Confidence ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Receiver Operating

This paper uses simple receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (i) to study the effect of varying computer confidence of threshold levels and (ii) to evaluate clinical performance in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Over 1300 patients presenting to five centres with abdominal pain of short duration were studied in varying detail. Clinical and computer-aided diagnostic predictions were compared with the »final« diagnosis. From these studies it is concluded the simplistic setting of a 50/50 confidence threshold for the computer program is as »good« as any other. The proximity of a computer-aided system changed clinical behaviour patterns; a higher overall performance level was achieved and clinicians performance levels became associated with the »mildly conservative« end of the computers ROC curve. Prior forecasts of over-confidence or ultra-caution amongst clinicians using the computer-aided system have not been fulfilled.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document