scholarly journals More is Still not Better: Testing the Perturbation Model of Temporal Reference Memory across Different Modalities and Tasks

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth S. Ogden ◽  
Luke A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradient ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Reference Memory ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Temporal Reference ◽  
Perturbation Model ◽  
Temporal Generalization

The ability of the perturbation model (Jones & Wearden, 2003) to account for reference memory function in a visual temporal generalization task and auditory and visual reproduction tasks was examined. In all tasks the number of presentations of the standard was manipulated (1, 3, or 5), and its effect on performance was compared. In visual temporal generalization the number of presentations of the standard did not affect the number of times the standard was correctly identified, nor did it affect the overall temporal generalization gradient. In auditory reproduction there was no effect of the number of times the standard was presented on mean reproductions. In visual reproduction mean reproductions were shorter when the standard was only presented once; however, this effect was reduced when a visual cue was provided before the first presentation of the standard. Whilst the results of all experiments are best accounted for by the perturbation model there appears to be some attentional benefit to multiple presentations of the standard in visual reproduction.

scholarly journals The remembrance of times past: Interference in temporal reference memory.

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth S. Ogden ◽  
J. H. Wearden ◽  
Luke A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Reference Memory ◽  
Temporal Reference

The Effect of Feedback on Timing in Children and Adults: The Temporal Generalization Task

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Droit-Volet ◽  
Marie Izaute
Keyword(s):  
Generalization Gradient ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Feedback Condition ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Temporal Generalization ◽  
Random Responses

Children aged 5 and 8 years and adults were tested on a temporal generalization task with a standard duration of 600 ms in a condition with or without corrective feedback. In all conditions, the participants produced orderly temporal generalization gradients, although these were flatter in the younger children, especially in the no-feedback condition. Nevertheless, the results show that the feedback increased the steepness of the generalization gradient in all age groups and in a greater extent in the younger children. Our clock-based model suggested that feedback reduces the variability of the memory representation of the standard duration but also the probability of random responses in the 5-year-olds.

scholarly journals PET Evidence of the Effect of Donepezil on Cognitive Performance in an Animal Model of Chemobrain

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhan Lim ◽  
Hye-Young Joung ◽  
A Ram Yu ◽  
Insop Shim ◽  
Jin Su Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Reference Memory ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Number Of Patients

A considerable number of patients with breast cancer complain of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. In this study, we showed that donepezil enhanced memory function and increased brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy using behavioral analysis and positron emission tomography (PET). We found that chemotherapy affected spatial learning ability, reference memory, and working memory and that donepezil improved these cognitive impairments. According to PET analysis, chemotherapy reduced glucose metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and donepezil increased glucose metabolism in the bilateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and hippocampus. Reduced glucose metabolism was more prominent after treatment with doxorubicin than cyclophosphamide. Our results demonstrated the neural mechanisms for cognitive impairment after chemotherapy and show that cognition was improved after donepezil intervention using both behavioral and imaging methods. Our results suggested that donepezil can be employed clinically for the treatment of cognitive deficits after chemotherapy.

Temporal Information Processing in Musicians and Nonmusicians

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Eckart Altenmüller
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Reference Memory ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
General Notion ◽  
Rhythm Perception ◽  
Temporal Acuity ◽  
Temporal Information Processing ◽  
Online Processing ◽  
Temporal Generalization

The present study was designed to examine the general notion that temporal information processing is more accurate in musicians than in nonmusicians. For this purpose, 36 academically trained musicians and 36 nonmusicians performed seven different auditory temporal tasks. Superior temporal acuity for musicians compared to nonmusicians was shown for auditory fusion, rhythm perception, and three temporal discrimination tasks. The two groups did not differ, however, in terms of their performance on two tasks of temporal generalization. Musicians’superior performance appeared to be limited to aspects of timing which are considered to be automatically and immediately derived from online perceptual processing of temporal information. Unlike immediate online processing of temporal information, temporal generalizations, which involve a reference memory of sorts, seemed not to be influenced by extensive music training.

Scalar timing in temporal generalization in children with short and long stimulus durations

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Droit-Volet
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Generalization Gradient ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Generalization Performance ◽  
Standard Duration ◽  
Generalization Gradients ◽  
Temporal Generalization ◽  
Relative Scale

This experiment investigated temporal generalization performance in children aged 3, 5, and 8 years by using auditory stimulus durations where the standard was 0.4 s or 4.0 s, and non-standard stimuli were spaced linearly around the standard. At all ages, generalization gradients superimposed well when plotted on the same relative scale, indicating conformity to scalar timing. Whatever the standard duration used, the principal developmental changes were the increasing steepness of the generalization gradient with increasing age and a shift from symmetrical gradients, in the 3- and 5-year-olds, to adult-like asymmetrical gradients in the 8-year-olds.

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