PET Evidence of the Effect of Donepezil on Cognitive Performance in an Animal Model of Chemobrain

A considerable number of patients with breast cancer complain of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy. In this study, we showed that donepezil enhanced memory function and increased brain glucose metabolism in a rat model of cognitive impairment after chemotherapy using behavioral analysis and positron emission tomography (PET). We found that chemotherapy affected spatial learning ability, reference memory, and working memory and that donepezil improved these cognitive impairments. According to PET analysis, chemotherapy reduced glucose metabolism in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and donepezil increased glucose metabolism in the bilateral frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and hippocampus. Reduced glucose metabolism was more prominent after treatment with doxorubicin than cyclophosphamide. Our results demonstrated the neural mechanisms for cognitive impairment after chemotherapy and show that cognition was improved after donepezil intervention using both behavioral and imaging methods. Our results suggested that donepezil can be employed clinically for the treatment of cognitive deficits after chemotherapy.

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Resting State fMRI: A Valuable Tool for Studying Cognitive Dysfunction in PD

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2018/6278649 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Li ◽

Wen Su ◽

Shu-Hua Li ◽

Ying Jin ◽

Hai-Bo Chen

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Resting State ◽

Lewy Bodies ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Research Field ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Positron Emission

Cognitive impairment is a common disabling symptom in PD. Unlike motor symptoms, the mechanism underlying cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains unclear and may involve multiple pathophysiological processes. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a fast-developing research field, and its application in cognitive impairments in PD is rapidly growing. In this review, we summarize rs-fMRI studies on cognitive function in PD and discuss the strong potential of rs-fMRI in this area. rs-fMRI can help reveal the pathophysiology of cognitive symptoms in PD, facilitate early identification of PD patients with cognitive impairment, distinguish PD dementia from dementia with Lewy bodies, and monitor and guide treatment for cognitive impairment in PD. In particular, ongoing and future longitudinal studies would enhance the ability of rs-fMRI in predicting PD dementia. In combination with other modalities such as positron emission tomography, rs-fMRI could give us more information on the underlying mechanism of cognitive deficits in PD.

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The Transition of Mild Cognitive Impairment Over Time: An AV45- and FDG-PET Study of Reversion and Conversion Phenomena

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205018666211124110710 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Ashraf-Ganjouei ◽

Kamyar Moradi ◽

Shahriar Faghani ◽

AmirHussein Abdolalizadeh ◽

Mohammadreza Khomeijani-Farahani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Amyloid Β ◽

Positron Emission ◽

One Year ◽

T Tau ◽

Over Time

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a state between normal cognition and dementia. However, MCI diagnosis does not necessarily guarantee the progression to dementia. Since no previous study investigated brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of MCI-- to-normal reversion, we provided PET imaging of MCI-to-normal reversion using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Methods: We applied comprehensive neuropsychological criteria (NP criteria), consisting of mem- ory, language, and attention/executive function domains, to include patients with a baseline diagno- sis of MCI (n=613). According to the criteria, the year 1 status of the patients was categorized into three groups (reversion: n=105, stable MCI: n=422, conversion: n=86). Demographic, neuropsycho- logical, genetic, CSF, and cognition biomarker variables were compared between the groups. Addi- tionally, after adjustment for confounding variables, the deposition pattern of amyloid-β and cere- bral glucose metabolism were compared between three groups via AV45- and FDG-PET modali- ties, respectively. Results: MCI reversion rate was 17.1% during one year of follow-up. The reversion group had the lowest frequency of APOE ε4+ subjects, the highest CSF level of amyloid-β, and the lowest CSF levels of t-tau and p-tau. Neuropsychological assessments were also suggestive of better cognitive performance in the reversion group. Patients with reversion to normal state had higher glucose metabolism in bilateral angular and left middle/inferior temporal gyri, when compared to those with stable MCI state. Meanwhile, lower amyloid-β deposition at baseline was observed in the fron- tal and parietal regions of the reverted subjects. On the other hand, the conversion group showed lower cerebral glucose metabolism in bilateral angular and bilateral middle/inferior temporal gyri compared to the stable MCI group, whereas the amyloid-β accumulation was similar between the groups. Conclusions: This longitudinal study provides novel insight regarding the application of PET imag- ing in predicting MCI transition over time.

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PET - diagnostics of cognitive impairment in patients with parkinson’s disease

Pediatrician (St Petersburg) ◽

10.17816/ped7263-68 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 63-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergey A Lytaev ◽

Daniil S Susin

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Human Brain ◽

Control Group ◽

Frontal Dysfunction ◽

Brief Assessment ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Relationship Of

Traditionally, Parkinson’s disease is associated with a deficit of dopaminergic system, manifested in the extrapyramidal motor disorders. In addition, the disease is characterized by a wide variety of not movement disorders. For example, the spectrum of autonomic, mental, cognitive and sensory symptoms is presented. Cognitive impairment, including mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Parkinson’s disease are among the most common disorders are not motor. The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the relationship of early cognitive impairment and rate of glucose metabolism in different parts of the brain in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorodeoxyglucose synthesis in patients suffering from Parkinson’s disease was performed. Study group consisted of patients (31 persons, age 41-77 years). Patients have passed inpatient and/or outpatient treatment at the clinic of the Institute of Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The control group (15 persons) consisted of patients of similar age group without cognitive impairment. To estimate the rate of glucose metabolism was used an original technique of the Institute of Human Brain. Immediately prior to the intravenous administration of radiopharmaceutical [18F]-deoxyglucose was synthesized. Psychological testing consisted of a clinical interview, observation, survey, test, as described in a brief assessment of mental status (MMSE) and the battery frontal dysfunction (BFD). The study found that when the initial cognitive impairment observed pattern of changes in the rate of metabolism of glucose, characteristic of patients with severe cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. This fact leads to the assumption of a high validity of the test battery frontal dysfunction for early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease.

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Altered hippocampal functional connectivity patterns in patients with cognitive impairments following ischaemic stroke: a resting-state fMRI study

10.1101/2020.10.26.20219782 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

JeYoung Jung ◽

Rosanna Laverick ◽

Kurdow Nader ◽

Martin Wilson ◽

Dorothee P. Auer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Memory Function ◽

Resting State Fmri ◽

Angular Gyrus ◽

Seed Region ◽

Hippocampal Subfields

AbstractBackgroundIschemic stroke with cognitive impairment is a considerable risk factor for developing dementia. Identifying imaging markers of cognitive impairment following ischemic stroke will help to develop prevention strategies against post-stroke dementia.MethodsHere, we investigated the hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) pattern following ischemic stroke, using resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). Thirty-three cognitively impaired patients after ischemic stroke and sixteen age-matched controls with no known history of neurological disorder, were recruited for the study. Importantly, no patient had a direct ischaemic insult to hippocampus on examination of brain imaging. Seven subfields of hippocampus were used as a seed region for FC analyses.ResultsAcross all hippocampal subfields, FC with the inferior parietal lobe in patients was reduced as compared with healthy controls. This decreased FC included both supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus. The FC of hippocampal subfields with cerebellum was increased. Importantly, the degree of the altered FC between hippocampal subfields and IPL was associated with their impaired memory function.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that decreased hippocampal-IPL connectivity was associated with cognitive impairment in patients with ischemic stroke. These findings provide novel insights into the role of hippocampus in cognitive impairment following ischemic stroke.

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The Associations of Serum Valine with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

10.21203/rs.3.rs-887019/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yong-lan Xiong ◽

Joseph Therriault ◽

Shu-jiang Ren ◽

Xiao-jun Jing ◽

Hua Zhang

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽

Csf Biomarkers ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract The introduction of metabolomics makes it possible to study the characteristic changes of peripheral metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have found that the levels of valine are related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, but its characteristics in MCI and AD need to be further clarified. A total of 786 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative-1 (ADNI-1) cohort were selected to evaluate the relationships between serum valine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, brain structure (magnetic resonance imaging, MRI), cerebral glucose metabolism (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography, FDG-PET), and cognitive declines, through different cognitive subgroups. We found that (1) serum valine was decreased in patients with AD compared with cognitive normal (CN) and stable MCI (sMCI), and in progressive MCI (pMCI) compared with CN; (2) serum valine was negatively correlated with CSF total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in pMCI; (3) serum valine significantly predicted conversion from MCI to AD; (4) serum valine was related to the rate of change of cerebral glucose metabolism during the follow-up period in pMCI. We speculated serum valine may be a peripheral biomarker of pMCI and AD, and its level predicts the progression of MCI to AD. Our study may help to reveal the metabolic changes during AD disease trajectory and its relationship to clinical phenotype.

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Geriatric Depression and Cognitive Impairment—An Update

Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1177/0253717620981556 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 025371762098155

Author(s):

Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽

Ajit Bhalchandra Dahale ◽

Nagalakshmi Rajavoor Muniswamy ◽

Krishna Prasad Muliyala ◽

Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Cognitive Deficits ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Original Research ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Related Potentials

Background: Depression and cognitive impairment often coexist in older adults. The relation between depression and cognitive impairment is complex. The objective of this article is to review recent literature on cognitive impairment in older adults with depression and provide clinicians an update. Methods: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Psych Info for the articles published in the English language related to late-life depression (LLD)/geriatric depression and cognitive impairment. We considered original research articles, relevant systematic reviews, chapters, and important conceptual articles published in the last 9 years (2011–2019). We selected relevant articles for this narrative review. Conclusion: The concept pseudodementia, indicating depression with cognitive impairment mimicking dementia, is now seen only as a historical concept. The current literature strongly agrees with fact that cognitive deficits often exist in LLD. The cognitive deficits in depression were initially seen as trait marker; however, some recent studies suggest that cognitive deficits persist even in the remission phase. There is heterogeneity among the studies in terms of the nature of the cognitive deficits, but higher number of studies reported impairment in attention and executive function. LLD with cognitive deficits is at a higher risk of progression to dementia. In older adults, depression with cognitive impairments requires a comprehensive evaluation. Electroencephalography, event-related potentials, fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography, amyloid positron emission tomography, and CSF amyloid will supplement clinical evaluation in differentiating functional depressive disorder with cognitive impairment from depression with an underlying degenerative condition.

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Relationship Between the Japanese Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and PET Imaging in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Current Alzheimer Research ◽

10.2174/1567205016666190805155230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 852-860 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atsuko Eguchi ◽

Noriyuki Kimura ◽

Yasuhiro Aso ◽

Kenichi Yabuuchi ◽

Masato Ishibashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Amyloid Deposition ◽

Cerebral Glucose Metabolism ◽

Positron Emission ◽

The Relationship ◽

Moca Score

Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test has high sensitivity and specificity for detecting mild cognitive impairment or early dementia. How the MoCA score relates to findings of positron emission tomography imaging, however, remains unclear. Objective: This prospective study examined the relationship between the Japanese version of the MoCA (MoCA-J) test and brain amyloid deposition or cerebral glucose metabolism among subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: A total of 125 subjects with mild cognitive impairment underwent the MoCA-J test, and amyloid- and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose- positron emission tomography. Linear correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted to investigate the relationship between the MoCA-J score and demographic characteristics, amyloid deposition, and cerebral glucose metabolism. Moreover, Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 was used for a voxel-wise regression analysis of the MoCA-J score and cerebral glucose metabolism. Results: The MoCA-J score significantly correlated with age, years of education, and the Mini-Mental State Examination score. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, the MoCA-J score significantly correlated negatively with amyloid retention (β= -0.174, p= 0.031) and positively with cerebral glucose metabolism (β= 0.183, p= 0.044). Statistical Parametric Mapping showed that Japanese version of MoCA score correlated with glucose metabolism in the bilateral frontal and parietal lobes, and the left precuneus. Conclusion: The total MoCA-J score correlated with amyloid deposition and frontal and parietal glucose metabolism in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Our findings support the usefulness of the MoCA-J test for screening subjects at high risk for Alzheimer’s disease.

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The First Positron Emission Tomography Study of the Brain of Patients with Glaucoma

NeuroQuantology ◽

10.14704/nq.2020.18.10.nq20226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Ilmira Gazizova

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Low Noise ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Similar Data ◽

Positron Emission ◽

18F Fdg ◽

The Brain

Aim: To determine the location and pattern of changes in the rate of glucose metabolism in brain structures according to positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: Nine patients with initial, developed and advanced stages of glaucoma were examined. The control group consisted of patients of a similar age group without signs of glaucoma. The PET study was performed on an Optima 560 PET / CT scanner. 30-40 minutes before the start of the scan, the patient was given an intravenous radiopharmaceutical (RP) using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG). During the accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical, the patient was in a room with dim light, with a low noise level and minimal motor activity. Results: When conducting PET with 18F-FDG, a change in the rate of glucose metabolism (RGM) was recorded in the form of a decrease in RGM in the upper parietal lobe, lower parietal lobe and precuneus (the inner part of the parietal cortex), as well as an increase in RGM of the prefrontal cortex, sensorimotor cortex. Signs of a change in RGM in the posterior region of the lumbar cortex, in the nuclei of the caudate nuclei and in the optic thalamus were also revealed. Similar data on changes in the rate of glucose metabolism in brain neurons that we recorded in patients with POAG are usually recorded in patients with other neurodegenerative diseases. Findings: Undoubtedly, the revealed changes in the rate of glucose metabolism in the neurons of the brain of patients with POAG indicate the affinity of this nosology with other neurodegenerative diseases and reveal the basis of disorders (visual, cognitive, autonomic) associated with changes in the central nervous system in patients with POAG. Research in this direction needs to be continued.

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Assessing cognitive impairment in SLE: examining relationships between resting glucose metabolism and anti-NMDAR antibodies with navigational performance

Lupus Science & Medicine ◽

10.1136/lupus-2019-000327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. e000327 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elisabeth Ploran ◽

Chris Tang ◽

Meggan Mackay ◽

Michael Small ◽

Erik Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Frontal Cortex ◽

Fdg Pet ◽

Neuropsychological Testing ◽

High Serum ◽

Positron Emission ◽

The Right ◽

Pet Scans

ObjectiveResting Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) brain imaging and neuropsychological testing were used to investigate the usefulness of a spatial navigation task (SNT) as a performance benchmark for cognitive impairment related to anti-N-methyl D-aspartate (anti-NMDA) receptor antibodies (DNRAb) in SLE.MethodsNeuropsychological assessments, including a desktop 3-D virtual SNT, were performed on 19 SLE participants and 9 healthy control (HC) subjects. SLE participants had stable disease activity and medication doses and no history of neuropsychiatric illness or current use of mind-altering medications. Resting FDG-PET scans were obtained on all SLE participants and compared with a historical set from 25 age-matched and sex-matched HCs. Serum DNRAb titres were measured by ELISA.Results11/19 (58%) of SLE participants failed to complete the SNT (SNT−) compared with 2/9 (22%) of HCs. Compared with 7/9 (78%) in HCs, only 2/9 (22%; p=0.037) of SLE participants with high serum DNRAb titres completed the SNT, in contrast to 6/10 (60%; p=0.810) in SLE participants with low DNRAb titres. Voxel-wise comparison of FDG-PET scans between the 8 SLE participants successfully completing the SNT task (SNT+) and the 11 SNT− SLE participants revealed increased metabolism in the SNT+ participants (p<0.001) in the left anterior putamen/caudate, right anterior putamen, left prefrontal cortex (BA 9), right prefrontal cortex (BA 9/10) and left lateral and medial frontal cortex (BA 8). Compared with HCs, the SNT+ group demonstrated increased metabolism in all regions (p<0.02) except for the right prefrontal cortex (BA 9), whereas the SNT− group demonstrated either significantly decreased or similar metabolism in these seven regions.ConclusionsSNT performance is associated with serum DNRAb titres and resting glucose metabolism in the anterior putamen/caudate and frontal cortex, suggesting compensatory neural recruitment in SNT-associated regions is necessary for successful completion of the task. The SNT therefore has potential for use as a marker for SLE-mediated cognitive impairment.

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Association of tau accumulation and atrophy in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19015/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gang Xu ◽

Shuzhan Zheng ◽

Zhilong Zhu ◽

Xiaofeng Yu ◽

Jian Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mediation Analysis ◽

Linear Models ◽

Parietal Lobe ◽

Cortical Atrophy ◽

Middle Temporal ◽

Positron Emission ◽

Mri Scans ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background To examine the patterns of longitudinal tau accumulation and cortical atrophy and their association in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods We collected 23 participants (60-89 years old, 11 male/12 female) with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. All participants underwent 18 F flortauirpir (FTP) positron emission tomography (PET) and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at the baseline and follow-up visits (12-36 months). General linear models with covariates (baseline age, sex) were used to detect brain areas of significant tau accumulation and atrophy over time. The mediation analysis was employed to explore the potential reason for sequential biomarker changes in MCI progression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, education.Results Voxelwise tau accumulation in MCI patients was predominantly located in inferior temporal, middle temporal, parietal cortex, posterior cingulate, precuneus as well as temporo-parietal regions ( P < 0.001), and MRI atrophy included inferior-middle temporal, parietal lobe, cerebellum and precuneus ( P < 0.001). Longitudinal FTP accumulation was moderately associated with MRI cortical atrophy ( r = 0.409, 95% CI: 0.405-0.414, P < 0.01). Regional analyses indicated significant bivariate associations between MRI cortical atrophy and FTP accumulation (baseline FTP cortical uptake and longitudinal FTP change). The result of the mediation analysis showed the relationship between baseline FTP uptake and longitudinal cortical atrophy was partly mediated by the longitudinal FTP cortical change (indirect effect: 0.0107, P = 0.04).Conclusions Our finding provides a preliminary description of the patterns of longitudinal FTP accumulation and cortical atrophy in MCI progression, and MCI patients with high tau binding level show increase risk of longitudinal tau accumulation, atrophy and cognitive decline.

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