Uranium measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in lithium chloride-potassium chloride salt of pyroprocessing

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 074015
Author(s):  
Seul-Ki HAN ◽  
Se-Hwan PARK ◽  
Seong-Kyu AHN
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Measurement of Cerium and Gadolinium in Solid Lithium Chloride–Potassium Chloride Salt Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2302-2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammon Williams ◽  
Keith Bryce ◽  
Supathorn Phongikaroon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Validation ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Vacuum Extraction ◽  
Nuclear Materials ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Special Nuclear Materials ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Pyroprocessing of used nuclear fuel (UNF) has many advantages—including that it is proliferation resistant. However, as part of the process, special nuclear materials accumulate in the electrolyte salt and present material accountability and safeguards concerns. The main motivation of this work was to explore a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) approach as an online monitoring technique to enhance the material accountability of special nuclear materials in pyroprocessing. In this work, a vacuum extraction method was used to draw the molten salt (CeCl3-GdCl3-LiCl-KCl) up into 4 mm diameter Pyrex tubes where it froze. The salt was then removed and the solid salt was measured using LIBS and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). A total of 36 samples were made that varied the CeCl3 and GdCl3 (surrogates for uranium and plutonium, respectively) concentrations from 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. From these samples, univariate calibration curves for Ce and Gd were generated using peak area and peak intensity methods. For Ce, the Ce 551.1 nm line using the peak area provided the best calibration curve with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.099 wt% and a root mean squared error of cross-validation (RMSECV) of 0.197 wt%. For Gd, the best curve was generated using the peak intensities of the Gd 564.2 nm line resulting in a LOD of 0.027 wt% and a RMSECV of 0.295 wt%. The RMSECV for the univariate cases were determined using leave-one-out cross-validation. In addition to the univariate calibration curves, partial least squares (PLS) regression was done to develop a calibration model. The PLS models yielded similar results with RMSECV (determined using Venetian blind cross-validation with 17% left out per split) values of 0.30 wt% and 0.29 wt% for Ce and Gd, respectively. This work has shown that solid pyroprocessing salt can be qualitatively and quantitatively monitored using LIBS. This work has the potential of significantly enhancing the material monitoring and safeguards of special nuclear materials in pyroprocessing.

Nanosecond laser-induced breakdown assisted by femtosecond laser pre-ionization in air: the effect on spatial resolution and continuous radiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 20701
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Li ◽  
Zhifeng Zhu ◽  
Qiang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Nanosecond Laser ◽  
Breakdown Threshold ◽  
Powerful Technique ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Continuous Radiation ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for quantitative diagnostics of gases. The spatial resolution of LIBS, however, is limited by the volume of plasma. Here femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulsed LIBS was demonstrated. Using this method, the breakdown threshold was reduced by 80%, and decay of continuous radiation was shortened. In addition, the volume of the plasma was shrunk by 85% and hence, the spatial resolution of LIBS was significantly improved.

Characterization of Amethysts from Sukamara, Central Kalimantan, Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Komang Gde Suastika, Heri Suyanto, Gunarjo, Sadiana, Darmaji
Keyword(s):  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown

Abstract - Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is one method of atomic emission spectroscopy using laser ablation as an energy source. This method is used to characterize the type of amethysts that originally come from Sukamara, Central Kalimantan. The result of amethyst characterization can be used as a reference for claiming the natural wealth of the amethyst. The amethyst samples are directly taken from the amethyst mining field in the District Gem Amethyst and consist of four color variations: white, black, yellow, and purple. These samples were analyzed by LIBS, using laser energy of 120 mJ, delay time detection of 2 μs and accumulation of 3, with and without cleaning. The purpose of this study is to determine emission spectra characteristics, contained elements, and physical characteristics of each amethyst sample. The spectra show that the amethyst samples contain some elements such as Al, Ca, K, Fe, Gd, Ba, Si, Be, H, O, N, Cl and Pu with various emission intensities. The value of emission intensity corresponds to concentration of element in the sample. Hence, the characteristics of the amethysts are based on their concentration value. The element with the highest concentration in all samples is Si, which is related to the chemical formula of SiO2. The element with the lowest concentration in all samples is Ca that is found in black and yellow amethysts. The emission intensity of Fe element can distinguish between white, purple, and yellow amethyst. If Fe emission intensity is very low, it indicates yellow sample. Thus, we may conclude that LIBS is a method that can be used to characterize the amethyst samples.Key words: amethyst, impurity, laser-induced, breakdown spectroscopy, characteristic, gemstones

Research progress on portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
ZENG Qing-dong ◽  
◽  
YUAN Meng-tian ◽  
ZHU Zhi-heng ◽  
CHEN Guang-hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Progress ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown
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