Suppression of Black Cutworm Larvae with Spinosad, Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Experimental Formulations on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application

Abstract Treatment plots were 6 x 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. White PVC cylinders (8-inch diam x 6 inch length) were placed in each replicate and secured in place. One cylinder was placed in each replicate per evaluation period (28 Jul and 30 Jul). Fifteen 0.125-inch black cutworm larvae were placed in each cylinder on 22 Jul. Bird netting was placed over the experimental area from 22 Jul through 28 Jul to prevent bird predation. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with 4 8002VS Tee-Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 363 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (25 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 63° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 60° F; RH, 96%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 61.3% sand, 27.7% silt, 11.0% clay; soil percent water weight (percent by weight), 24.2%; organic matter, 5.2%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.8 inches of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 22 Jul through 25 Jul; a total of 0.3 inch rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 25 Jul through 26 Jul; and a total of 1.0 inch rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 27 Jul through 30 Jul. Efficacy data were recorded on 28 Jul and 30 Jul by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within each PVC cylinder by using a soap irritant drench.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban Granular Formulations for Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Black Cutworm

Abstract Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker with top-dressing sand used to provide even distribution of product. At treatment time (17 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 73° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 69° F; RH, 84%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.6% sand, 30.1% silt, 11.3% clay; soil percent water weight (percent by weight), 17.5%; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. The entire area was irrigated with 0.25 of water immediately following application of granules. A total of 8.85 inches of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 17 Jul through 5 Aug. Treatments were applied on 17 Jul following artificial infestation of the research area with second- and third-instar Black cutworm larvae on 15 Jul. Efficacy data was recorded on 20 Jul, 25 Jul, 3 Aug, and 6 Aug by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0-yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap-irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Talstar, Dursban, and Experimental Formulations to Manage Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-324
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Abstract Treat-ment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft?2. At treatment time (24 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 75°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 74°F; RH, 83%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, loamy sand; soil particle size analysis: 80.0% sand, 11.5% silt, 8.5% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31%; organic matter, 3.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. The area was irrigated in with 0.1 inch of water immediately after treatment (24 Jul). Efficacy data was recorded 3 DAT and 7 DAT by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit 75Wsp for Extended Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8O02VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (14 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 70°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 73.9% sand, 21.0% silt, 5.1% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31.6%; organic matter, 5.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, mid morning; and clear skies. The area received 0.2 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment (14 Jun). Efficacy data was recorded on nine sampling dates (23 Jun, 30 Jun, 7 Jul, 14 Jul, 28 Jul, 11 Aug, 23 Aug, 8 Sep, 13 Sep) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass with Experimental Formulations, Tempo 20Wp, and Dursban Pro, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-348
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Wood Frame

Abstract Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 15 Aug following artificial infestation of research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 13 Aug prior to treatment. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until post-treatment counts were recorded on 17 Aug. At treatment time (15 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 93%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis; 51.0% sand, 40.6% silt, 8.4% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.9%; organic matter, 3.9%; watei pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.1%; time of application, mid-afternoon; and overcast skies. A total of 2.6 inch of rainfall occurred after treatments had been applied Evaluation was done 2 DAT (17 Aug) and 6 DAT (21 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center. University Park, Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Dursban formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2) Insecticidal soap and combination insecticidal soap plus Dursban treatments were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJei nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.145 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at I inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch. 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic mattei. 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 7.5 h after treatment. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul and 22 Jul.

scholarly journals Timing Effect on Performance of RH0345, Merit 75WP, Tempo 2, and Dursban Pro for Management of Black Cutworm of Creeping Bentgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at Uni versity Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 208 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 0.92 gal/1,000 ft2. At the 1st treatment on 23 Aug, the following soil and environmen tal conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 97%; amount of thatch 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.6%; or ganic matter, 2.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8%; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. A total of 0.8 inch of rain fell between late evening on 23 Aug through early morning on 24 Aug. At the 2nd treatment on 6 Sep, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 65°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 65°F; RH, 87%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sand) loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 26.9%; organic matter, 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH 6.4; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rainfall was recorded over a 72-h interval following the second treat ment on 6 Sep; however, the area did have 8 h drying time prior to the latter rainfall. Evaluation was done on 9 Sep and 12 Sep by counting the number o: black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 4 Sep following infestation of the experimental area with 2nd and 3rt instar black cutworms. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 9 Sep.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dursban, Sevin, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (22 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 54%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, loamy sand to sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 74.8% sand, 20.5% silt, 4.7% clay; organic matter, 23.8%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 40.2; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.2; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 3 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Conventional and Experimental Formulations on Turfgrass in Wayne Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (23 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 37.0% sand, 45.0% silt, 18.0% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.6; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.1; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 49 DAT (11 Oct). Japanese beetle grub control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of grubs were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch diam cup cutter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Wayne, Penn-Sylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-336
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Observation Interval ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Green June Beetle

Abstract The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (6 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 77°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 78°F; RH, 74%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt-loam; soil particle size analysis: 32.1% sand, 53.8% silt, 14.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dried), 31.1%; organic matter, 8.3%; water pH, 6.5; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late-morning; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made on 6 Sep. The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows was recorded from each replicate (54 ft2) as well as the total number of green June beetle larvae flushed to the surface following an application of Sevin 80WSP over a 24 hr observation interval.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Rh0345 and Turcam 76Wp for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal water/1,000 ft2. Granular treatments were applied with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (10 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 83°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 88°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 60%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 67.0% sand, 28.6% silt, 4.5% clay; organic matter, 22.0%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 67.1; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.4; application time, mid-afternoon; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.175 inch of water and 0.1 inch irrigation 14 hr after treatment. Posttreatment counts were completed on 2 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.

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