scholarly journals Control of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center. University Park, Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Dursban formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2) Insecticidal soap and combination insecticidal soap plus Dursban treatments were applied by using a compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJei nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.145 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at I inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch. 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic mattei. 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 7.5 h after treatment. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul and 22 Jul.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit 75Wsp for Extended Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass at University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 322-322
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract Treatment plots were 10 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 6 8O02VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 756 ml of water/80 ft2 or delivering 2.5 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (14 Jun), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 78°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 70°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 73.9% sand, 21.0% silt, 5.1% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 31.6%; organic matter, 5.4%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.6; time of application, mid morning; and clear skies. The area received 0.2 inch of irrigation immediately after treatment (14 Jun). Efficacy data was recorded on nine sampling dates (23 Jun, 30 Jun, 7 Jul, 14 Jul, 28 Jul, 11 Aug, 23 Aug, 8 Sep, 13 Sep) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 15 ml Lemon Joy™dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Merit Formulations to Control Green June Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway in Wayne, Pa, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-280
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Green June Beetle

Abstract The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCBD, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker and mixed with topdressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (25 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 80°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 80°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 76°F; RH, 78%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 24.5% sand, 60.6% silt, 14.9% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.8%; organic matter, 8.0%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 4.8; and cloudy skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Counts were made 118 DAT (20 Sep). The total number of new freshly constructed green June beetle burrows were recorded from each replicate (54 ft2).

Suppression of Black Cutworm Larvae with Spinosad, Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Experimental Formulations on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application

Abstract Treatment plots were 6 x 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. White PVC cylinders (8-inch diam x 6 inch length) were placed in each replicate and secured in place. One cylinder was placed in each replicate per evaluation period (28 Jul and 30 Jul). Fifteen 0.125-inch black cutworm larvae were placed in each cylinder on 22 Jul. Bird netting was placed over the experimental area from 22 Jul through 28 Jul to prevent bird predation. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with 4 8002VS Tee-Jet nozzles mounted on a 6-ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 363 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (25 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 63° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 60° F; RH, 96%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 61.3% sand, 27.7% silt, 11.0% clay; soil percent water weight (percent by weight), 24.2%; organic matter, 5.2%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.8 inches of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 22 Jul through 25 Jul; a total of 0.3 inch rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 25 Jul through 26 Jul; and a total of 1.0 inch rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 27 Jul through 30 Jul. Efficacy data were recorded on 28 Jul and 30 Jul by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within each PVC cylinder by using a soap irritant drench.

scholarly journals Fall Control of Japanese Beetle Grubs with Conventional and Experimental Formulations on Turfgrass in Wayne Pa, 1993

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-312
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (50%) and creeping bentgrass (50%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (23 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 69°F; RH, 85%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, loam; soil particle size analysis: 37.0% sand, 45.0% silt, 18.0% clay; organic matter, 5.0%; soil moisture (oven baked), 31.6; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.1; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.5 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 49 DAT (11 Oct). Japanese beetle grub control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of grubs were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch diam cup cutter.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban on Established Fescue Turfgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 380-380
Author(s):  
P.R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue in Somerset, PA. Treatment plots were 4 X 6 ft arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 182 ml of water/24 ft2 or delivering 2 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (31 Jul) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 73%; amount of thatch, 0.75 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 34.4% sand, 48.7% silt, 16.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 24.1%; organic matter, 5.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.2; application time, late morning; and overcast skies. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6-inch diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period 6 DAT (6 Aug) and 14 DAT (14 Aug). Two flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

scholarly journals Timing Effect on Performance of RH0345, Merit 75WP, Tempo 2, and Dursban Pro for Management of Black Cutworm of Creeping Bentgrass, 1996

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-349
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Black Cutworm ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at Uni versity Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 208 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 0.92 gal/1,000 ft2. At the 1st treatment on 23 Aug, the following soil and environmen tal conditions existed: air temperature, 66°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 62°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 97%; amount of thatch 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 18.6%; or ganic matter, 2.7%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8%; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. A total of 0.8 inch of rain fell between late evening on 23 Aug through early morning on 24 Aug. At the 2nd treatment on 6 Sep, the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature 67°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 65°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 65°F; RH, 87%; amount of thatch, 0.125-0.25 inch; soil textural class, sand) loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.2% sand, 33.9% silt, 7.9% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 26.9%; organic matter, 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH 6.4; time of application, early morning; and overcast skies. A total of 2.7 inches of rainfall was recorded over a 72-h interval following the second treat ment on 6 Sep; however, the area did have 8 h drying time prior to the latter rainfall. Evaluation was done on 9 Sep and 12 Sep by counting the number o: black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 4 Sep following infestation of the experimental area with 2nd and 3rt instar black cutworms. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until posttreatment counts were recorded on 9 Sep.

Evaluation to Manage Annual Bluegrass Weevil on a Golf Course Fairway with Vector Tl and Dursban in Bedford County, Pa, 1994

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-281
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker ◽  
C. Silcox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Annual Bluegrass Weevil

Abstract The fairway consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (70%) and Kentucky bluegrass (30%). Treatment plots were 9 × 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Two ft barriers were placed between each treatment replicate. Liquid formulations were applied with a CO2 compressed air sprayer with four 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (23 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 84°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 68°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 38%; amount of thatch, 0.0625-0.125 inches; soil type, soil-loam; soil particle size analysis: 27.0% sand, 51.8% silt, 21.2% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 37.7%; organic matter, 8.9%; water pH, 6-7; soil pH, 6.3; and skies were clear. Immediately after treatment, each replicate was irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. Posttreatment counts were made 23 DAT (15 Jun). Annual bluegrass weevil control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of annual bluegrass weevil life stages (larva, pupa, adult) were recorded and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4 inch cup cutter.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bifenthrin, Diazinon, and Dursban Granular Formulations for Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Black Cutworm

Abstract Treatment plots were 6X10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand held shaker with top-dressing sand used to provide even distribution of product. At treatment time (17 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72° F; soil temperature at 1-inch depth, 73° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 69° F; RH, 84%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 58.6% sand, 30.1% silt, 11.3% clay; soil percent water weight (percent by weight), 17.5%; organic matter, 5.0%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. The entire area was irrigated with 0.25 of water immediately following application of granules. A total of 8.85 inches of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 17 Jul through 5 Aug. Treatments were applied on 17 Jul following artificial infestation of the research area with second- and third-instar Black cutworm larvae on 15 Jul. Efficacy data was recorded on 20 Jul, 25 Jul, 3 Aug, and 6 Aug by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0-yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap-irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Dursban, Sevin, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-339
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Product Distribution ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Japanese Beetle ◽  
Water Ph

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (22 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 54%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, loamy sand to sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 74.8% sand, 20.5% silt, 4.7% clay; organic matter, 23.8%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 40.2; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.2; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 3 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.

scholarly journals Summer Management of Hairy Chinch Bug with Formulations of Chlorpyrifos on Established Fescue Turfgrass in Somerset, Pennsylvania, 1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-357
Author(s):  
P. R. Heller ◽  
R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Steel Cylinder ◽  
Chinch Bug ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Loam Soil

Abstract The turfgrass area consisted primarily of fine leafed fescue. Treatment plots were 5 X 6 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated 3 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 340 ml of water/30 ft2 or delivering 2 gal (1000 ft2). At treatment time (2 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 79° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 90° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 82° F; RH, 70%; amount of thatch, 0.75-1.5 inches; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis: 33.5% sand, 48.3% silt, 18.2% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 9.5%; organic matter, 6.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 5.9; application time, late afternoon; and overcast skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.1 inch of water. Hairy chinch bugs were sampled by driving a 6 inch-diam stainless steel cylinder into the turf, filling it with water, and counting the number of chinch bug nymphs and adults floating to the surface during a 10 min period (sampling dates: 8, 17, 30 Aug). Three flotation samples were taken randomly from each replicate, and the total number of chinch bugs from each sample was recorded and converted to a ft2 count.

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