Varying Deficits in Visual Discrimination Performance Associated with Different Forms of Malnutrition in Rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina R. Galler ◽  
Susan F. Fleischer ◽  
Gerald Turkewitz ◽  
Michael Manes
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance

scholarly journals Confidence in perceptual decision-making is preserved in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Faivre ◽  
Matthieu Roger ◽  
Michael Pereira ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle ◽  
Jean-Christophe Vergnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Narrative Assessment ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractMetacognition is the set of reflexive processes allowing humans to evaluate the accuracy of their mental operations. Deficits in synthetic metacognition have been described in schizophrenia using mostly narrative assessment and linked to several key symptoms. Here, we assessed metacognitive performance by asking individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=20) and matched healthy participants (N = 21) to perform a visual discrimination task and subsequently report confidence in their performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequacy between visual discrimination performance and confidence. Bayesian analyses revealed equivalent metacognitive performance in the two groups despite a weaker association between confidence and trajectory tracking during task execution among patients. These results were reproduced using a bounded evidence accumulation model which showed similar decisional processes in the two groups. The inability to accurately attune confidence to perceptual decisions in schizophrenia remains to be experimentally demonstrated, along with the way such impairments may underpin functional deficits.

scholarly journals Training protocol for touchscreen-based visual discrimination in mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Goto ◽  
Yuya Hataji
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Magazine Training ◽  
Stimulus Position ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement Schedule ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Contrast Discrimination ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Training Protocol

Automated touchscreen-based tasks are increasingly being used to explore a broad range of issues in learning and behavior in mice. Researchers usually report how they train mice before acquiring the target task concisely, and shaping protocols at this stage are typically flexible. In this report, we described a training protocol, developed in our laboratory, for mice acquiring a simultaneous discrimination performance using visual stimuli. C57BL/6N mice were first given magazine training. Nosepoke responses were then authoshaped and maintained on a continuous reinforcement schedule. Self-start response was then introduced in order to measure response time to complete each trial. The stimulus position was also varied across trials. We finally examined the contrast discrimination performance. Mice were tested with four different contrast ratios. Target stimuli were white and black targets and the brightness of distractors had values between targets and background. All mice successfully went through all training stages, confirming that this training protocol is promising for shaping appropriate discriminative behaviors in mice.

scholarly journals The lateral pedunculo-nigral area and visual discrimination performance in the white rat

1973 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Thompson ◽  
Marsha A. Howze ◽  
John H. Pucheu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance

Neurobehavioral Effects of Acute Exposure to Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. McKee ◽  
J. H. C. M. Lammers ◽  
H. Muijser ◽  
D. E. Owen ◽  
B. M. Kulig
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Trimethyl Benzene ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Alkyl Benzenes ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

This article reports the results of neurobehavioral tests on representative aromatic constituents, specifically C9 to C11 species. The testing evaluated effects in several domains including clinical effects, motor activity, functional observations, and visual discrimination performance. Exposures ranging from 600 to 5000 mg/m3, depending on the molecular weights of the specific aromatic constituents, produced minor, reversible effects on the central nervous system (CNS), particularly in the domains of gait and visual discrimination. There was little evidence of effects at lower exposure levels. There was some evidence of respiratory effects at 5000 mg/m3 in 1 study, and there were also minor changes in body weight and temperature. The CNS effects became less pronounced with repeated exposures, corresponding to lower concentrations in the brain of 1 representative substance, 1,2,4-trimethyl benzene (TMB). At high exposure levels, the alkyl benzenes apparently induced their own metabolism, increasing elimination rates.

Successive visual discrimination performance in the monkey with brief stimuli

1973 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ettlinger ◽  
R.M. Ridley ◽  
N.S. Hester
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance
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