scholarly journals Identification and characterization of the human XIST gene promoter: implications for models of X chromosome inactivation

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 2661-2671 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hendrich
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Identification And Characterization

scholarly journals Synergy of Eed and Tsix in the repression of Xist gene and X-chromosome inactivation

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (13) ◽  
pp. 1816-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinwa Shibata ◽  
Takashi Yokota ◽  
Anton Wutz
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation

scholarly journals Regulation of X-Chromosome Inactivation in Development in Mice and Humans

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Goto ◽  
Marilyn Monk
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Paternal Allele ◽  
Inactive X Chromosome ◽  
Extraembryonic Tissues

SUMMARY Dosage compensation for X-linked genes in mammals is accomplished by inactivating one of the two X chromosomes in females. X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) occurs during development, coupled with cell differentiation. In somatic cells, XCI is random, whereas in extraembryonic tissues, XCI is imprinted in that the paternally inherited X chromosome is preferentially inactivated. Inactivation is initiated from an X-linked locus, the X-inactivation center (Xic), and inactivity spreads along the chromosome toward both ends. XCI is established by complex mechanisms, including DNA methylation, heterochromatinization, and late replication. Once established, inactivity is stably maintained in subsequent cell generations. The function of an X-linked regulatory gene, Xist, is critically involved in XCI. The Xist gene maps to the Xic, it is transcribed only from the inactive X chromosome, and the Xist RNA associates with the inactive X chromosome in the nucleus. Investigations with Xist-containing transgenes and with deletions of the Xist gene have shown that the Xist gene is required in cis for XCI. Regulation of XCI is therefore accomplished through regulation of Xist. Transcription of the Xist gene is itself regulated by DNA methylation. Hence, the differential methylation of the Xist gene observed in sperm and eggs and its recognition by protein binding constitute the most likely mechanism regulating imprinted preferential expression of the paternal allele in preimplantation embryos and imprinted paternal XCI in extraembryonic tissues. This article reviews the mechanisms underlying XCI and recent advances elucidating the functions of the Xist gene in mice and humans.

A promoter mutation in the XIST gene in two unrelated families with skewed X-chromosome inactivation

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Plenge ◽  
Brian D. Hendrich ◽  
Charles Schwartz ◽  
J. Fernando Arena ◽  
Anna Naumova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Promoter Mutation ◽  
Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation

Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation and the XIST gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ballabio ◽  
Huntington F. Willard
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation

Mammalian X-chromosome inactivation and the XIST gene

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Andrea Ballabio ◽  
Huntington F. Willard
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome Inactivation ◽  
Xist Gene ◽  
Chromosome Inactivation
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