Structural Networks and the Experience of Musical Time

Author(s):  
Jason Yust

The network model of temporal structure allows for many generalized concepts of musical time that can be applied across different modalities (rhythmic, tonal, and formal). This chapter defines network depths, distances, paths, centers, skew, and bias, and partially classifies network types such as piles, tortoises, and starfish. A splitting operation on networks is defined and applied to the problem of relating networks in different modalities and finding true disjunctions.

Author(s):  
Jason Yust

The idea of rhythmic hierarchy serves as an introduction to temporal structure in music and a network model (the “MOP” or maximal outerplanar graph) used to represent it. Rhythmic hierarchy relates to meter but is conceptually distinct from it. An argument may be made that rhythmic structure precedes meter (“meter as rhythm”) rather than vice versa. Slow movements from F.J. Haydn and C.P.E. Bach demonstrate the analytical utility of a concept of metricality.


Author(s):  
Jason Yust

This book presents a theory of temporal structure for music, making two main arguments. The first is that a single model of temporal structure, expressible in the form of a certain type of mathematical network, is common to all modalities, particularly rhythm, tonality, and form. As a result, we can develop tools to talk about the experience of musical time in abstraction from any particular modality, and make analogies from structural phenomena in one modality to another (e.g., formal counterpoint). The second argument is that each of these modalities is in principle independent: it has its own set of structuring criteria, and it may lead to structures that agree or disagree with each other. The resulting coordination or disjunction between modalities is of more direct aesthetic importance, typically, than anything that can be said about one isolated parameter alone. These claims have deep ramifications for theories of rhythm, tonality, and form: for instance, that it is possible to discuss formal structure without necessary reference to tonal features. Theories of harmony, key, formal function, hypermeter, and closure are developed in conjunction with analysis of a wide range of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century composers, surveys of classical repertoire, and observations about the history of musical styles. A number of mathematical tools for temporal structure are also proposed.


Author(s):  
Lixian Fan ◽  
Zimeng Zhang ◽  
Jingbo Yin ◽  
Xingyuan Wang

Ship accident has always been the focus in shipping and it is concerned by port state authorities. This study tries to investigate the impact of various factors on ship accident along with the port state’s detected deficiency items. Very importantly, it manages to identify the structural connections between the checked deficiency items. The data used in this study are mainly from Lloyd’s register of shipping, International Maritime Organization and Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding, with a total of 64,847 observations obtained. The Bayesian network model is employed and the Greedy thick thinning and Bayesian search algorithms are used to learn the structural networks. In addition to the impacts of the deficiency items and the ship inherent attributes on ship accidents, this study identifies some key deficiency items for port states. It also analyzes the intense connections between the key deficiency items with others. This helps simplify the port state’s inspection procedure and improve operational efficiency.


Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).


1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
W. Steven Demmy ◽  
Lawrence Briskin
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