The recent progress in the pairing problem and the superfluidity of neutron stars is reviewed. The theory of superfluidity in nuclear and neutron matter is developed beyond the BCS approximation. In particular, the dispersion effects including the depletion of the Fermi surface and the core polarization are discussed within the Brueckner theory. In addition, the effects of vertex correction to the pairing interaction, based on RPA, are incorporated in the generalized gap equation. The isospin singlet (neutron–proton) pairing is investigated in connection with the low-density crossover from a superfluid Fermi system to a Bose–Einstein condensate and the isospin suppression of pairing in neutron-rich matter. The onset of different superfluid states of neutron–neutron and proton–proton pairing in neutron stars is discussed in the context of application to rotational motion and cooling process.
Impact of speckle disorder on a superfluid Fermi system
