Mechanical properties of single motor units in speech musculature

1979 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. MacNeilage ◽  
Harvey M. Sussman ◽  
John R. Westbury ◽  
Randall K. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units

Mechanical properties of single motor units in the anterior belly of the digastric

1977 ◽  
Vol 62 (S1) ◽  
pp. S15-S15
Author(s):  
Peter F. MacNeilage ◽  
H. M. Sussman ◽  
R. K. Powers ◽  
J. R. Westbury
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Anterior Belly

Reduced control of motor output in a human hand muscle of elderly subjects during submaximal contractions

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 2108-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Galganski ◽  
A. J. Fuglevand ◽  
R. M. Enoka
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Motor Output ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Discharge Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Age

1. The effect of age on the motor output of the first dorsal interosseous muscle of 22 (6 female, 16 male) human subjects was investigated. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of age on the control of muscle force and the associated changes in the discharge behavior and mechanical properties of single motor units. 2. Each subject performed three tasks requiring isometric abduction of the left index finger: a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), a constant-force task, and a threshold task. The ability to control force was assessed during the constant-force task by quantifying the variation in isometric force about four submaximal target forces (5, 20, 35, and 50% MVC). The threshold task involved sustaining the discharge of the isolated motor unit at a low, steady rate for approximately 3 min. 3. The discharge behavior and the mechanical properties of single motor units were determined during the threshold task by measuring the interimpulse intervals and the peak amplitude and time to peak of the spike-triggered average force. 4. The data indicated that age had an effect on the variation of force about submaximal target forces (range: 5-50% MVC), and that these force variations, when calculated relative to the target force, were greater at lower force levels in the elderly subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Rectification is required to extract oscillatory envelope modulation from surface electromyographic signals

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1685-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Dakin ◽  
Brian H. Dalton ◽  
Billy L. Luu ◽  
Jean-Sébastien Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Motor Unit ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Surface Emg ◽  
Medial Gastrocnemius ◽  
Single Motor Unit ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Envelope Modulation

Rectification of surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings prior to their correlation with other signals is a widely used form of preprocessing. Recently this practice has come into question, elevating the subject of EMG rectification to a topic of much debate. Proponents for rectifying suggest it accentuates the EMG spike timing information, whereas opponents indicate it is unnecessary and its nonlinear distortion of data is potentially destructive. Here we examine the necessity of rectification on the extraction of muscle responses, but for the first time using a known oscillatory input to the muscle in the form of electrical vestibular stimulation. Participants were exposed to sinusoidal vestibular stimuli while surface and intramuscular EMG were recorded from the left medial gastrocnemius. We compared the unrectified and rectified surface EMG to single motor units to determine which method best identified stimulus-EMG coherence and phase at the single-motor unit level. Surface EMG modulation at the stimulus frequency was obvious in the unrectified surface EMG. However, this modulation was not identified by the fast Fourier transform, and therefore stimulus coherence with the unrectified EMG signal failed to capture this covariance. Both the rectified surface EMG and single motor units displayed significant coherence over the entire stimulus bandwidth (1–20 Hz). Furthermore, the stimulus-phase relationship for the rectified EMG and motor units shared a moderate correlation ( r = 0.56). These data indicate that rectification of surface EMG is a necessary step to extract EMG envelope modulation due to motor unit entrainment to a known stimulus.

Threshold variations of medial pterygoid single motor units during vertical or horizontal force tasks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalda Nozad Mojaver ◽  
Paul Tawadros ◽  
Polyana Moura Ferreira ◽  
Terry Whittle ◽  
Greg M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Motor Units ◽  
Horizontal Force ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Medial Pterygoid

Functional Properties of Single Motor Units in the Inferior Head of Human Lateral Pterygoid Muscle: Task Firing Rates

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Phanachet ◽  
T. Whittle ◽  
K. Wanigaratne ◽  
G. M. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle ◽  
Jaw Movements ◽  
Firing Rates ◽  
Single Motor ◽  
Single Motor Units ◽  
Fine Control ◽  
Contralateral Movement

The precise function of the inferior head of the human lateral pterygoid muscle (IHLP) is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the normal function of the IHLP. The hypothesis was that an important function of the IHLP is the generation and fine control of horizontal (i.e., anteroposterior and mediolateral) jaw movements. The activities of 50 single motor units (SMUs) were recorded from IHLP (14 subjects) during two- or three-step contralateral movement ( n = 36) and/or protrusion ( n = 33). Most recording sites were identified by computer tomography. There was a statistically significant overall increase in firing rate as the magnitude of jaw displacement increased between the holding phases (range of increments: 0.3–1.6 mm). The firing rates during the dynamic phases for each unit were significantly greater than those during the previous holding phases but less than those during the subsequent holding phases. For the contralateral step task at the intermediate rate, the cross-correlation coefficients between jaw displacement in the mediolateral axis and the mean firing rate of each unit ranged from r = 0.29 to 0.77; mean ± SD; r = 0.49 ± 0.13 (protrusive step task: r = 0.12–0.74, r = 0.44 ± 0.14 for correlation with anterior–posterior axis). The correlation coefficients at the fast rate during the contralateral step task and the protrusive step task were significantly higher than those at the slow rate. The firing rate change of the SMUs per unit displacement between holding phases was significantly greater for the lower-threshold than for the higher-threshold units during contralateral movement and protrusion. After dividing IHLP into four regions, the SMUs recorded in the superior part exhibited significantly greater mean firing rate changes per unit displacement during protrusion than for the SMUs recorded in the inferior part. Significantly fewer units were related to the protrusive task in the superior–medial part. These data support previously proposed notions of functional heterogeneity within IHLP. The present findings provide further evidence for an involvement of the IHLP in the generation and fine control of horizontal jaw movements.

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