A bond graph approach to modeling the anuran vocal production system

2013 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 4133-4144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Kime ◽  
Michael J. Ryan ◽  
Preston S. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Bond Graph ◽  
Vocal Production

scholarly journals The ontogeny of human laughter

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 20210319
Author(s):  
Mariska E. Kret ◽  
Dianne Venneker ◽  
Bronwen Evans ◽  
Iliana Samara ◽  
Disa Sauter
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Production System ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Adult Humans ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Human Laughter

Human adult laughter is characterized by vocal bursts produced predominantly during exhalation, yet apes laugh while exhaling and inhaling. The current study investigated our hypothesis that laughter of human infants changes from laughter similar to that of apes to increasingly resemble that of human adults over early development. We further hypothesized that the more laughter is produced on the exhale, the more positively it is perceived. To test these predictions, novice ( n = 102) and expert (phonetician, n = 15) listeners judged the extent to which human infant laughter ( n = 44) was produced during inhalation or exhalation, and the extent to which they found the laughs pleasant and contagious. Support was found for both hypotheses, which were further confirmed in two pre-registered replication studies. Likely through social learning and the anatomical development of the vocal production system, infants' initial ape-like laughter transforms into laughter similar to that of adult humans over the course of ontogeny.

Differences that make a difference: Do locus equations result from physical principles characterizing all mammalian vocal tracts?

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
W. Tecumseh Fitch ◽  
Marc D. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Production System ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Vocal Production ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Production Mechanisms ◽  
Physical Principles

Sussman and colleagues provide no evidence supporting their claim that the human vocal production system is specialized to produce locus equations with high correlations and linearity. We propose the alternative null hypothesis that these features result from physical and physiological factors common to all mammalian vocal tracts and we recommend caution in assuming that human speech production mechanisms are unique.

Introduction: the tv series production system in Uk

IKON ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 41-43
Author(s):  
Erica Negri
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Series Production

Introduction: the tv series production system in Germany

IKON ◽  
2014 ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
Paolo Braga ◽  
Erica Negri ◽  
Michele Zatta
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Series Production
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