AbstractQuaternary paleotemperatures and sea level records, from both deep sea cores and dated shorelines, provide the basis for testing the Milankovitch hypothesis of climatic change. The longest and most detailed records include (1) oxygen isotope analyses of Caribbean and Atlantic deep sea cores, (2) paleoecological analyses of the same cores, and (3) radiometrically dated raised coral reefs from New Guinea and elsewhere, representing times of relatively high Quaternary sea levels. Time-domain and frequency-domain analysis of these records, shows with a high degree of certainty that Quaternary climatic changes are strongly influenced by the obliquity perturbations and precession of the Earth's orbit. The same analyses also suggest that the time scale adopted by Emiliani for deep sea cores may be more nearly correct than alternative time scales of other workers.The question of whether insolation changes arising from orbital perturbations can generate ice ages, has been disputed by climatologists. It is shown here that orbital perturbations cannot affect climate indirectly through agencies originating within the Earth, such as vulcanism, and that the primary climatic control is therefore through variation of insolation distribution, as Milankovitch suggested. The conclusion is that climatologic theory must accommodate these facts.
The Sensitivity of the High Mountain Ecosystems of New Guinea to Climatic Change and Anthropogenic Impact
