Gallantry in Civil Defence

BMJ ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 1 (4229) ◽  
pp. 120-120
Keyword(s):  
Civil Defence

The Civil Defence of Malaya.

1944 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
L. Richmond Wheeler ◽  
George Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Civil Defence

scholarly journals PROPOSING A NEW METHODOLOGY BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC FOR TUNNELLING RISK ASSESSMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Yazdani-Chamzini
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Tunnel Construction ◽  
Construction Operations ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Mine Development ◽  
Civil Defence

Tunnels are artificial underground spaces that provide a capacity for particular goals such as storage, under-ground transportation, mine development, power and water treatment plants, civil defence. This shows that the tunnel construction is a key activity in developing infrastructure projects. In many situations, tunnelling projects find themselves involved in the situations where unexpected conditions threaten the continuity of the project. Such situations can arise from the prior knowledge limited by the underground unknown conditions. Therefore, a risk analysis that can take into account the uncertainties associated with the underground projects is needed to assess the existing risks and prioritize them for further protective measures and decisions in order to reduce, mitigate and/or even eliminate the risks involved in the project. For this reason, this paper proposes a risk assessment model based on the concepts of fuzzy set theory to evaluate risk events during the tunnel construction operations. To show the effectiveness of the proposed model, the results of the model are compared with those of the conventional risk assessment. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy inference system has a great potential to accurately model such problems.

A Debate on the question of civil defence

Survival ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-66
Author(s):  
Herman Kahn ◽  
Erich Fromm ◽  
Michael Maccoby
Keyword(s):  
Civil Defence

The other view of civil defence

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-274
Author(s):  
A. Terry Glanvill
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Civil Defence

The Bolivian Drought Monitor: an operational tool, calibrated on impact records, to identify and communicate drought severity conditions.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Rossi ◽  
Alessandro Masoero ◽  
Anna Mapelli ◽  
Fabio Castelli
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Civil Defence

<p>Within the framework of the CIF financed “Pilot Program for Climate Resilience”, the Drought Monitoring and Early Warning System for Bolivia was developed and implemented. The system is operational since July 2020 and aims at detecting emerging severe drought conditions in the country, in order to trigger timely warnings to stakeholders and the general public.</p><p>The Bolivian Drought Monitor has two main components: a technical one (data gathering and analysis, performed through the multi-hazard early warning “myDEWETRA” platform) and an institutional one (creating consensus and disseminating warnings). The system design followed a participatory approach, involving since the early stages the Ministry for Water and Environment (MMAyA), the National Hydrometeorological Service (SENAMHI), the Vice-Ministry for Civil Defence (VIDECI). These institutions actively contribute to the monthly edition of the drought bulletin, each one for its own sector of competence, through a dedicated IT tool for synchronous compilation. Ongoing drought conditions are reported in a national bulletin, issued monthly and published on a dedicated public website: http://monitorsequias.senamhi.gob.bo/</p><p>Given the Bolivian data-poor context, analysis strongly relies on a large variety of multi-source satellite products, spanning from well consolidated ones in the operational practice to more experimental ones such as from the SMAP mission. This information is used to monthly refresh the spatial maps of 17 indexes covering meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts for different aggregation periods (from 1 to 12 months). Simulation of the system performance over a long period (2002-2019) and comparison with recorded socio-economic drought impacts  from the National Disaster Observatory (Observatorio Nacional de Desastres- OND) of the Vice-Ministry of Civil Defence (VIDECI) was used to define a most representative compound index, based on a weighted combination of a selection of 4 indexes with their related thresholds. The combination of 3-month SPEI, 2-month SWDI, 1-month VHI and 1-month FAPAR indexes performed the best in the comparison with impact records. This combination encompasses both the medium-term effects of meteorological and hydrological deficits (3-month SPEI and SWDI), both the short-term effects on vegetation (1-month VHI and FAPAR). This set of indexes proved to be a solid proxy in estimating possible impacts on population of ongoing or incoming drought spells, as happened for most significant recent drought events occurred in Bolivia, such as the 2010 event in the Chaco region and the 2016 drought event in the Altiplano and Valles regions, that heavily affected the water supply in several major cities (La Paz, Sucre, Cochabamba, Oruro and Potosí).</p><p>The design of the monitoring and bulletin management platform, together with its strong remote-sensing base, give to the system a high potential for easy export to other regional and national contexts. Also, the variety of the different computed drought indexes and the replicability of the procedure for the best compound index identification will allow for efficient evolutionary maintenance as new remote-sensing products will be available in the future.</p>

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