scholarly journals Measuring progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 3.8 on universal health coverage in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. e000904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwine Barasa ◽  
Peter Nguhiu ◽  
Di McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Summary Measure ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Sustainable Development Goal ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Geometrical Mean ◽  
Universal Health

BackgroundThe inclusion of universal health coverage (UHC) as a health-related Sustainable Development Goal has cemented its position as a key global health priority. We aimed to develop a summary measure of UHC for Kenya and track the country’s progress between 2003 and 2013.MethodsWe developed a summary index for UHC by computing the geometrical mean of indicators for the two dimensions of UHC, service coverage (SC) and financial risk protection (FRP). The SC indicator was computed as the geometrical mean of preventive and treatment indicators, while the financial protection indicator was computed as a geometrical mean of an indicator for the incidence of catastrophic healthcare expenditure, and the impoverishing effect of healthcare payments. We analysed data from three waves of two nationally representative household surveys.FindingsThe weighted summary indicator for SC increased from 27.65% (27.13%–28.14%) in 2003 to 41.73% (41.34%–42.12%) in 2013, while the summary indicator for FRP reduced from 69.82% (69.11%–70.51%) in 2003 to 63.78% (63.55%–63.82%) in 2013. Inequities were observed in both these indicators. The weighted summary measure of UHC increased from 43.94% (95% CI 43.48% to 44.38%) in 2003 to 51.55% (95% CI 51.29% to 51.82%) in 2013.ConclusionSignificant gaps exist in Kenya’s quest to achieve UHC. It is imperative that targeted health financing and other health sector reforms are made to achieve this goal. Such reforms should be focused on both, rather than on only either, of the dimensions of UHC.

Building the Pharmacy Workforce of Tomorrow

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
Ema Paulino ◽  
Filipa Alves da Costa ◽  
Mariana Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Therapeutic Monitoring ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Development Goal ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Pharmacy Workforce ◽  
Universal Health

The pharmacist is key in assuring a safe and effective supply of medicines, as well as their responsible use. As a direct provider of services, from primary prevention of disease to therapeutic monitoring, pharmacists work to ensure that the patient's drug therapy is appropriate, the most effective available, the safest possible, and most convenient. This chapter contextualizes the importance of aligning pharmacists' education with societal needs, considering the path to Universal Health Coverage and Sustainable Development Goal 3, and makes the case for investing in the pharmacy workforce of tomorrow. It presents a vision for pharmacy and its place in the healthcare system, linking this vision with a needs-based pharmaceutical workforce transformation program of work.

scholarly journals Strengthening health systems for universal health coverage and sustainable development

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 537-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Paule Kieny ◽  
Henk Bekedam ◽  
Delanyo Dovlo ◽  
James Fitzgerald ◽  
Jarno Habicht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals Financial risk protection of Thailand’s universal health coverage: results from series of national household surveys between 1996 and 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viroj Tangcharoensathien ◽  
Kanjana Tisayaticom ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat ◽  
Vuthiphan Vongmongkol ◽  
Shaheda Viriyathorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Catastrophic Health Spending ◽  
Risk Protection ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Benefits Package

Abstract Background Thailand, an upper-middle income country, has demonstrated exemplary outcomes of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). The country achieved full population coverage and a high level of financial risk protection since 2002, through implementing three public health insurance schemes. UHC has two explicit goals of improved access to health services and financial protection where use of these services does not create financial hardship. Prior studies in Thailand do not provide evidence of long-term UHC financial risk protection. This study assessed financial risk protection as measured by the incidence of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment in Thai households prior to and after UHC in 2002. Methods We used data from a 15-year series of annual national household socioeconomic surveys (SES) between 1996 and 2015, which were conducted by the National Statistic Office (NSO). The survey covered about 52,000 nationally representative households in each round. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the incidence of catastrophic payment as measured by the share of out-of-pocket payment (OOP) for health by households exceeding 10 and 25% of household total consumption expenditure, and the incidence of impoverishment as determined by the additional number of non-poor households falling below the national and international poverty lines after making health payments. Results Using the 10% threshold, the incidence of catastrophic spending dropped from 6.0% in 1996 to 2% in 2015. This incidence reduced more significantly when the 25% threshold was applied from 1.8 to 0.4% during the same period. The incidence of impoverishment against the national poverty line reduced considerably from 2.2% in 1996 to approximately 0.3% in 2015. When the international poverty line of US$ 3.1 per capita per day was applied, the incidence of impoverishment was 1.4 and 0.4% in 1996 and 2015 respectively; and when US$ 1.9 per day was applied, the incidence was negligibly low. Conclusion The significant decline in the incidence of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment was attributed to the deliberate design of Thailand’s UHC, which provides a comprehensive benefits package and zero co-payment at point of services. The well-founded healthcare delivery system and favourable benefits package concertedly support the achievement of UHC goals of access and financial risk protection.

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