Radiation from a vertical electric dipole in the presence of a lossy ground

Expressions for the radiation fields of a vertical electric dipole located over a homogeneous lossy ground are derived using the dyadic Green's functions. The resulting field vectors are then split into the primary and secondary components. The primary components represent those that would exist in the absence of the ground, leaving the secondary components to represent the contribution of the Earth. For different operating frequencies and various ground conductivities, the secondary components are computed and compared with the primary ones. The results indicate that the secondary fields have the same magnitude as the primary ones in the ground and in the vicinity of the air–Earth interface. However, in the air region between the source location and the interface, their magnitude decreases progressively as the field point moves away from the interface. The case of an electric dipole located inside the ground is also considered, and a few representative results are presented.