Ernest Rutherford and Marie Curie

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Keyword(s):  
Marie Curie ◽  
Ernest Rutherford

Geologic Time

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Ervin-Blankenheim
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Age Dating ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Geologic Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Geologic Time Scale ◽  
Geologic Maps ◽  
History Of

Geologists first unraveled the geologic time scale by relative age-dating, discussed in the last chapter. Once geologists sorted out the order of rock units, subsequent advances in methodologies, detailed in this chapter, by chronometric and numerical means based on radioisotopes, other atomic measures, and quantitative techniques, were employed to measure time. Many minerals and rocks have “clocks” within them that can be used to pin down the actual age of the particular geologic sample or the age of boundaries between formal units of the geologic time scale. This chapter explains how geologists decipher those clocks and determine the ages of rocks by numerical age-dating. The history of radioisotopes is tracked, starting with Ernest Rutherford and Pierre and Marie Curie. The modern geologic time scale is depicted and expanded upon, along with why it is essential for geologic maps and how the time scale can help with people-sized problems and challenges faced on the Earth.

scholarly journals Análise da Introdução do livro de Marie Curie “Traité de Radioactivité”

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Vitor Soares ◽  
Adriana Bispo dos Santos Kisfaludy ◽  
Deividi Marcio Marques
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
Helium Gas ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Issues

ResumoEste trabalho tem como objetivo a análise da introdução do livro “Traité de Radioactivité” publicado em 1910 na França e foi escrito por Marie Curie. No capítulo de introdução, Madame Curie traz importantes ideias e conceitos referentes a radioatividade, sobre a descoberta deste fenômeno, constituição e natureza das partículas subatômicas, a presença do gás hélio em processos radiativos e as formas de emanação do rádio. Os comentários sobre essa introdução serão feitos de modo a elucidar algumas ideias que eram aceitas naquela época, sobretudo, na ideia da constituição da matéria. Será́ mostrado, também, os conceitos advindos de outros físicos, sobretudo de Ernest Rutherford, que pesquisaram sobre as diferentes formas de radiação e suas controvérsias. Além dessas questões históricas, o trabalho pretende abordar a importância da interface entre a História da Ciência e o Ensino de Ciências e como este material pode ser incorporado na pratica docente da Educação Básica. Palavras-chave: Radioatividade; gás hélio; emanação; História da Ciência. Abstract This paper aims to analyze the introduction of the book “Traité de Radioactivité” published in 1910 in France and was written by Marie Curie. In the introductory chapter, Madame Curie brings important ideas and concepts concerning radioactivity, about the discovery of this phenomenon, constitution and nature of subatomic particles, the presence of helium gas in radioactive processes and the forms of emanation of radio. Comments on this introduction will be made in order to elucidate some ideas that were accepted at that time, especially the idea of the constitution of the subject. It will also be shown the concepts coming from other physicists, especially Ernest Rutherford, who researched the different forms of radiation and their controversies. In addition to these historical issues, the paper intends to address the importance of the interface between the History of Science and Science Teaching and how this material can be incorporated into the teaching practice of Basic Education. Keywords: Radioactivity; helium gas; emanation; History of Science.

Marie Curie, le spectre des figures

2007 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Chervin
Keyword(s):  
Marie Curie

Artificial Radioactivity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Isotope ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Enrico Fermi ◽  
Marie Curie ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Geiger Muller Counter

Frédéric Joliot discovered artificial radioactivity on January 11, 1934, when he bombarded aluminum with polonium alpha particles and produced a radioactive isotope of phosphorus that decayed by emitting a positron. He detected it with a Geiger–Müller counter that Wolfgang Gentner had constructed for him. Two months later, Enrico Fermi, motivated in part by an insight of his first assistant, Gian Carlo Wick, decided to see if neutrons also could produce artificial radioactivity. The transformation of a neutron into a proton in a nucleus should create an electron, so to increase their number and hence the probability of creating an electron, he bombarded various elements with intense sources of neutrons, and on March 20, 1934, with aluminum he observed the created electrons and thereby discovered neutron-induced artificial radioactivity. Less than four months later, Marie Curie died on July 4, 1934, at age sixty-six.

New Particles

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Stuewer
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Hydrogen Isotope ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Ernest Rutherford ◽  
James Chadwick ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
New Particles

In December 1931, Harold Urey discovered deuterium (and its nucleus, the deuteron) by spectroscopically detecting the faint companion lines in the Balmer spectrum of atomic hydrogen that were produced by the heavy hydrogen isotope. In February 1932, James Chadwick, stimulated by the claim of the wife-and-husband team of Irène Curie and Frédéric Joliot that polonium alpha particles cause the emission of energetic gamma rays from beryllium, proved experimentally that not gamma rays but neutrons are emitted, thereby discovering the particle whose existence had been predicted a dozen years earlier by Chadwick’s mentor, Ernest Rutherford. In August 1932, Carl Anderson took a cloud-chamber photograph of a positron traversing a lead plate, unaware that Paul Dirac had predicted the existence of the anti-electron in 1931. These three new particles, the deuteron, neutron, and positron, were immediately incorporated into the experimental and theoretical foundations of nuclear physics.

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