Research within the past decade has resulted in a considerable body of new information regarding early infantile autism. While organic factors are believed to play a primary role in the genesis of the syndrome, there is a degree of cautious optimism that autistic children may benefit from early intervention aimed at maximizing their social and cognitive skills. The clinical characteristics of infantile autism are presented, together with information regarding its prevalence and differential diagnosis. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is discussed, and current views regarding proper management are outlined. A multidisciplinary team approach is recommended in evaluating and managing the autistic child, with child psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, teachers, and other specialized disciplines involved. Parents of autistic children may feel guilty and responsible for their child's condition, and their confidence as caretakers may have been seriously undermined. Once their confidence is restored, however, parents may become quite adept in helping their child to learn and to function socially. The need for special public school programs for autistic children is stressed.
