The Knee Jerk Reaction

This study explores how economic performance prior to democratic transitions affects the fate of successors to authoritarian rulers in new democracies. It investigates 70 founding election outcomes, finding that successful economic performance under an authoritarian regime increases the vote share of successors. It also finds that the past economic performance of authoritarian rulers decreases the likelihood of government alternation to democratic oppositions. Interim governments that initiate democratic transition, however, are neither blamed nor rewarded for economic conditions during transition periods. This study concludes that electorates are not myopic and that economic voting is not a knee-jerk reaction to short-term economic performance in new democracies.

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Erb, Westphal, and the Introduction of the Knee Jerk

Journal of Child Neurology ◽

10.1177/088307389200700119 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 112-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Douglas J. Lanska ◽

Bernd Remler

Keyword(s):

Knee Jerk

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I. On some circumstances under which the normal state of the knee jerk is altered

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London ◽

10.1098/rspl.1893.0034 ◽

1893 ◽

Vol 53 (321-325) ◽

pp. 430-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Keyword(s):

Normal State ◽

Operative Procedures ◽

Knee Jerk ◽

Tendon Reflexes

For the inception of the following work, which it is hoped will add some further facts to our knowledge of the most important of the “deep reflexes,” the knee jerk, I am greatly indebted to the very kind suggestions of Dr. Hughlings-Jackson. To him I owe my best thanks for proposing the question of the influence of the asphyxial state on the knee phenomenon, as a subject likely to be fruitful. The adoption of his early advice led to the investigation of many other points of noteworthy interest. I am also much obliged to Professor Horsley for suggestions, especially with regard to control experiments and operative procedures. Since Brown- Séquard described the condition expressed by him under the term spinal epilepsy, the so-called deep or tendon reflexes have attracted considerable attention, and have been the object of numerous investigations.

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