Book Review: In Vitro Methods for Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources.

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 272-273
Author(s):  
M. R. Davey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
In Vitro Methods

scholarly journals Safeguarding and using global banana diversity: a holistic approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Van den houwe ◽  
Rachel Chase ◽  
Julie Sardos ◽  
Max Ruas ◽  
Els Kempenaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Global Strategy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Genebank Management

AbstractThe CGIAR genebank International Musa Germplasm Transit Centre (ITC) currently holds 1617 banana accessions from 38 countries as an in vitro collection, backed-up by a cryopreserved collection to safeguard global Musa diversity in perpetuity. The ITC also serves as a vital safety backup and transit centre for national banana genebanks and ensures that germplasm is clean of pests and diseases and freely available under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. In more than 35 years of activity, the ITC has distributed over 18,000 banana accession samples to researchers and farmers in 113 countries. Ex situ conservation of vegetatively-propagated crops such as banana poses very particular challenges. Maintaining the ITC genebank is labor intense and costly. Efficiencies are sought through research and development of techniques on detecting viruses, the genetic integrity of accessions, and on innovative means of safeguarding banana diversity, such as conserving populations of wild species by seed banking. Although the conservation of global banana diversity is the main objective of the ITC, significant value comes from its holistic approach to better understand and promote its germplasm through numerous research activities and resources. Techniques for morphological and molecular characterization serve to identify and describe the collection, while also determining what gaps should be filled by collecting missions with national partners. The evaluation of desirable agronomic traits inherent in Musa spp. are investigated by a high-throughput phenotyping platform, which helps breeding programs to select cultivars resistant or tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Genomic and bioinformatic studies of several banana wild relatives greatly enhance our understanding of Musa genetic diversity, links to important phenotypic traits and bring new methods for management of the collection. Collectively, these research activities produce enormous amounts of data that require curation and dissemination to the public. The two information systems at the ITC, Musa Genebank Management System and the Musa Germplasm Information System, serve to manage the genebank activities and to make public germplasm-related data for over 30 banana collections worldwide, respectively. By implementing the 10-year workplan set out in the Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Musa Genetic Resources, the network MusaNet supports Musa researchers and stakeholders, including the ITC, and most importantly, links to the world’s banana-producing countries via three regional banana networks.

scholarly journals Long-term conservation of potato genetic resources: Methods and status of conservation

2019 ◽  
pp. 717-725
Author(s):  
Jane Muthoni ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Rob Melis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Natural Habitats

Plant genetic resources (PGRs) play an important role in agriculture, environment protection, cultural property and trade; they need to be conserved. There are two fundamental approaches for the conservation of PGRs: in situ and ex situ. In situ conservation is the conservation of ecosystems and natural habitats and the maintenance and recovery of viable populations of species in their natural surroundings. Ex situ preservation is the storage of seeds or plant materials under artificial conditions to maintain their long term viability and availability for use. Genebanks employ seed storage, field collections of living plants and in vitro storage (tissue culture or cryopreservation) for ex situ preservation of PGR. Storage of orthodox seeds, which are tolerant to low moisture content and low temperatures at appropriate temperature and humidity, is the most convenient ex situ conservation method. Plants that produce recalcitrant seeds or non-viable seeds are conserved in field genebanks as well as in-vitro in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen at -1960C for long-term periods. Cryopreservation is very expensive and needs trained personnel; this could explain why this method is rarely used for conservation of plant genetic resources in most developing countries. Potato tubers are bulky and highly perishable; the crop is generally conserved as clones either in field genebanks (with annual replanting), in-vitro conservation in slow growth media for short-to-medium term and cryopreservation for long term. Field genebanks are expensive to maintain and the crop is exposed to many dangers; hence, cryopreservation is the only feasible method for long term conservation. However, given the high cost of cryopreservation, long-term conservation of potato genetic resources is poorly developed in most resource-poor countries leading to high rates of genetic erosion. This paper looks into the various methods that that can be applied to conserve potato genetic resources and the status of conservation of potatoes in major genebanks and some countries.

In vitro methods of germ-plasm conservation

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Roca ◽  
R. Chavez ◽  
M. L. Martin ◽  
D. I. Arias ◽  
G. Mafla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Gene Banks ◽  
Active Gene ◽  
Valuable Adjunct

For many crops with preferential vegetative propagation, or which are sterile, or have seed unresponsive to standard seed storage techniques, in vitro methods can provide a valuable adjunct to other germ plasm conservation strategies. Two types of in vitro gene banks are proposed: (i) an in vitro active gene bank where cultures are maintained under slow growth; of the few of these that exist, the cassava (Manihot) in vitro active gene bank of the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT) consists of over 4000 clones; (ii) an in vitro base gene bank, where cultures are cryopreserved; at present, none of this type exist. In vitro conservation offers a means of maintaining valuable gene combinations in a small space, protected against pest and disease attack, soil problems, and climatic changes, and with high multiplication potential. The main limitations are inability to regenerate plants of many important crops and the risk of genetic instability of cultures. A joint project of the International Board for Plant Genetic Resources and CIAT is underway to develop an in vitro based set of procedures for handling germ plasm, using cassava as a model, with culture maintenance, stability monitoring, and management data bases being considered. Results of recent work on in vitro conservation and related activities, i.e., germ-plasm collection, exchange, and characterization, will be presented and discussed, with special reference to Manihot.Key words: in vitro gene banks, cryopreservation, isozyme electrophoresis, genotype stability, Manihot esculenta Crantz.

Book Review: in vitro Methods of Toxicology

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-111
Author(s):  
Julia H. Fentem
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Methods
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