Novel Display Design for Spatial Assessment in Virtual Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442
Author(s):  
Bahar Memarian ◽  
Christos Koulas ◽  
Brian Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Display Design ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Ecological Interface Design ◽  
Team Player ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Design Ideas

In this work in progress paper, we share novel conceptual display design ideas (pending validation and testing) to aid users with their spatial assessment in either two or three-dimensional spaces such as Virtual Reality (VR) environments. The example scenario used is to help a remote human team player (2nd user) to work with an asset Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and human team player (1st user) in the field. The scenario’s goal is to deliver relief packages (i.e., medical, clothing, and food supplies) at a fixed location in an urban and hostile terrain containing adversary UAV and their human team players. Inspired by the Lens theory and Ecological Interface Design principles, the proposed display design ideas allow the user to retain past and present asset and adversary location information whilst knowing when the adversary was too close to assets and civilians and the precision of display views based on the number of sensors available.

Origins and Elements of Virtual Environments

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Conversational Interaction ◽  
Stereoscopic Displays ◽  
Graphical Interfaces ◽  
And Performance

Virtual environments created through computer graphics are communications media (Licklider et al., 1978). Like other media, they have both physical and abstract components. Paper, for example, is a medium for communication. The paper is itself one possible physical embodiment of the abstraction of a two-dimensional surface onto which marks may be made. The corresponding abstraction for head-coupled, virtual image, stereoscopic displays that synthesize a coordinated sensory experience is an environment. These so-called “virtual reality” media have only recently caught the international public imagination (Pollack, 1989; D’Arcy, 1990; Stewart, 1991; Brehde, 1991), but they have arisen from continuous development in several technical and non-technical areas during the past 25 years (Brooks Jr., 1988; Ellis, 1990; Ellis, et al., 1991, 1993; Kalawsky, 1993). A well designed computer interface affords the user an efficient and effortless flow of information to and from the device with which he interacts. When users are given sufficient control over the pattern of this interaction, they themselves can evolve efficient interaction strategies that match the coding of their communications to the characteristics of their communication channel (Zipf, 1949; Mandelbrot, 1982; Ellis and Hitchcock, 1986; Grudin and Norman, 1991). But successful interface design should strive to reduce this adaptation period by analysis of the user’s task and performance limitations. This analysis requires understanding of the operative design metaphor for the interface in question. The dominant interaction metaphor for the computer interface changed in the 1980’s. Modern graphical interfaces, like those first developed at Xerox PARC (Smith et al., 1982) and used for the Apple Macintosh, have transformed the “conversational” interaction from one in which users “talked” to their computers to one in which they “acted out” their commands in a “desk-top” display. This so called desk-top metaphor provides the users with an illusion of an environment in which they enact wishes by manipulating symbols on a computer screen. Virtual environment displays represent a three-dimensional generalization of the two-dimensional “desk-top” metaphor. These synthetic environments may be experienced either from egocentric or exocentric viewpoints. That is to say, the users may appear to actually be in the environment or see themselves represented as a “You are here” symbol (Levine, 1984) which they can control.

Introduction to Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Furness III ◽  
Woodrow Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tactile Feedback ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Perspective View ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Conscious Level ◽  
Display Monitor

We understand from the anthropologists that almost from the beginning of our species we have been tool builders. Most of these tools have been associated with the manipulation of matter. With these tools we have learned to organize or reorganize and arrange the elements for our comfort, safety, and entertainment. More recently, the advent of the computer has given us a new kind of tool. Instead of manipulating matter, the computer allows us to manipulate symbols. Typically, these symbols represent language or other abstractions such as mathematics, physics, or graphical images. These symbols allow us to operate at a different conscious level, providing a mechanism to communicate ideas as well as to organize and plan the manipulation of matter that will be accomplished by other tools. However, a problem with the current technology that we use to manipulate symbols is the interface between the human and computer. That is, the means by which we interact with the computer and receive feedback that our actions, thoughts, and desires are recognized and acted upon. Another problem with current computing systems is the format with which they display information. Typically, the computer, via a display monitor, only allows a limited two-dimensional view of the three-dimensional world we live in. For example, when using a computer to design a three dimensional building, what we see and interact with is often only a two-dimensional representation of the building, or at most a so-called 2½D perspective view. Furthermore, unlike the sounds in the real world which stimulate us from all directions and distances, the sounds emanating from a computer originate from a stationary speaker, and when it comes to touch, with the exception of a touch screen or the tactile feedback provided by pressing a key or mouse button (limited haptic feedback to be sure), the tools we use to manipulate symbols are primitive at best. This book is about a new and better way to interact with and manipulate symbols. These are the technologies associated with virtual environments and what we term advanced interfaces. In fact, the development of virtual environment technologies for interacting with and manipulating symbols may represent the next step in the evolution of tools.

scholarly journals Collaborative studio in a virtual environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Design Ideas

© 2002 IEEE. Recently, virtual environments (VE) have been increasingly used as settings for design and research. Using VE to visualize ideas from the initial steps of design, the architect is challenged to deal with perception of space, solid and void, without translations to and from a two dimensional media. The goal of the authors' studies was to identify how designers use and communicate early design ideas by using immersive three-dimensional (3D) VEs and how they describe 3D volumes using a different media. A series of experiments were undertaken, including navigation- and perception-tasks, designing in IVE, transcription of design, remote communication between design partners and controlled observations. They explored initial intentions of 3D-immersive design schemes, textual descriptions and collaborations within IVE. They discuss frameworks and factors influencing how architectural students communicate their proposals in an immersive Virtual Environment Design Studio, and how this approach of design studio enables to understand volumes and spatial relationships.

scholarly journals Collaborative studio in a virtual environment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Aurel Schnabel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Immersive Virtual Environment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Design Ideas

© 2002 IEEE. Recently, virtual environments (VE) have been increasingly used as settings for design and research. Using VE to visualize ideas from the initial steps of design, the architect is challenged to deal with perception of space, solid and void, without translations to and from a two dimensional media. The goal of the authors' studies was to identify how designers use and communicate early design ideas by using immersive three-dimensional (3D) VEs and how they describe 3D volumes using a different media. A series of experiments were undertaken, including navigation- and perception-tasks, designing in IVE, transcription of design, remote communication between design partners and controlled observations. They explored initial intentions of 3D-immersive design schemes, textual descriptions and collaborations within IVE. They discuss frameworks and factors influencing how architectural students communicate their proposals in an immersive Virtual Environment Design Studio, and how this approach of design studio enables to understand volumes and spatial relationships.

scholarly journals Collaborative Pursuit-Evasion Strategy of UAV/UGV Heterogeneous System in Complex Three-Dimensional Polygonal Environment

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Xiao Liang ◽  
Honglun Wang ◽  
Haitao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Heterogeneous System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unmanned Ground Vehicle ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Ground Vehicle ◽  
Pursuit Evasion ◽  
Evasion Game ◽  
Evasion Strategy ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The UAV/UGV heterogeneous system combines the air superiority of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and the ground superiority of UGV (unmanned ground vehicle). The system can complete a series of complex tasks and one of them is pursuit-evasion decision, so a collaborative strategy of UAV/UGV heterogeneous system is proposed to derive a pursuit-evasion game in complex three-dimensional (3D) polygonal environment, which is large enough but with boundary. Firstly, the system and task hypothesis are introduced. Then, an improved boundary value problem (BVP) is used to unify the terrain data of decision and path planning. Under the condition that the evader knows the position of collaborative pursuers at any time but pursuers just have a line-of-sight view, a worst case is analyzed and the strategy between the evader and pursuers is studied. According to the state of evader, the strategy of collaborative pursuers is discussed in three situations: evader is in the visual field of pursuers, evader just disappears from the visual field of pursuers, and the position of evader is completely unknown to pursuers. The simulation results show that the strategy does not guarantee that the pursuers will win the game in complex 3D polygonal environment, but it is optimal in the worst case.

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