Parent–Child Interaction Therapy-Callous Unemotional Adaptation for a Preschool Boy With Conduct Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-385
Author(s):  
Heather Agazzi ◽  
Kimberly Knap ◽  
Eva R. Kimonis
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Conduct Problems ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child

Young children with conduct problems (CPs) and elevated callous unemotional (CU) traits (CP+CU) show more severe, stable, and aggressive CPs relative to children with CP traits alone. Children with CP+CU tend to benefit less from traditional treatment modalities for child CPs that rely on social attention and punishments compared with children with CP-alone, but respond well to reward-based behavioral management strategies. Emerging research suggests that the Parent–Child Interaction Therapy-Callous Unemotional adaptation (PCIT-CU) may be a compelling mechanistically targeted intervention for young children with CP+CU. This case study presents the treatment of a 4½-year-old boy with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder–combined presentation (ADHD-C), and CU traits using PCIT-CU. Findings from this case study include (a) improvement in CP that was maintained at 4-month follow-up, (b) reduced parent ratings of CU traits over the course of treatment, (c) reduced negative parenting practices, and (d) preliminary support for adapting parent behavioral management training interventions for young children with CP+CU and comorbid ADHD-C.

Adapting Internet-Delivered Parent-Child Interaction Therapy to Treat Co-Occurring Disruptive Behavior and Callous-Unemotional Traits: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgette E. Fleming ◽  
Eva R. Kimonis ◽  
Amy Datyner ◽  
Jonathan S. Comer
Keyword(s):  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Parent Management Training ◽  
Online Delivery ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Cu Traits ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
Delivery Formats

Disruptive behavior disorders (DBD) are highly prevalent, emerge in early childhood, exhibit considerable stability across time, and are associated with profound disability. When DBD co-occur with callous-unemotional (CU) traits (i.e., lack of empathy/guilt), the risk of early-onset, stable, and severe disruptive behavior is even higher, relative to DBD alone. Early intervention is critical, and there is robust empirical support for the efficacy of parent management training (PMT) for reducing disruptive behavior in young children. However, broad access to these interventions is hindered by numerous systemic barriers, including geographic disparities in availability of services. To overcome these barriers and enhance access and quality of care to underserved communities, several PMT programs have been adapted to online delivery formats, including Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT). PCIT is an evidence-supported treatment that attempts to reduce disruptive child behavior by improving the parent–child relationship and implementing consistent and effective discipline strategies. Comer and colleagues proposed an online adaptation of PCIT (I-PCIT) that is delivered using video teleconferencing (VTC). I-PCIT was implemented with the family of a 5-year-old Australian boy presenting with clinically significant disruptive behavior and CU traits living in a rural community. Findings from this case report (a) document an improvement in disruptive behavior that was maintained to follow-up and (b) provide preliminary support for adapting PCIT to online delivery formats to enhance accessibility of services and improve child and parent outcomes.

scholarly journals Time-Out with Young Children: A Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) Practitioner Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Melanie Woodfield ◽  
Irene Brodd ◽  
Sarah Hetrick
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Parent Training ◽  
Dissemination And Implementation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Parent Child Interaction Therapy ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Parent Child Interaction ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Parent Child

Time-out is a component of many evidence-based parent training programmes for the treatment of childhood conduct problems. Existing comprehensive reviews suggest that time-out is both safe and effective when used predictably, infrequently, calmly and as one component of a collection of parenting strategies—i.e., when utilised in the manner advocated by most parent training programmes. However, this research evidence has been largely oriented towards the academic community and is often in conflict with the widespread misinformation about time-out within communities of parents, and within groups of treatment practitioners. This dissonance has the potential to undermine the dissemination and implementation of an effective suite of treatments for common and disabling childhood conditions. The parent-practitioner relationship is integral to the success of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an evidence-based treatment which involves live coaching of parent(s) with their young child(ren). Yet this relationship, and practitioner perspectives, attitudes and values as they relate to time-out, are often overlooked. This practitioner review explores the dynamics of the parent-practitioner relationship as they apply to the teaching and coaching of time-out to parents. It also acknowledges factors within the clinical setting that impact on time-out’s use, such as the views of administrators and professional colleagues. The paper is oriented toward practitioners of PCIT but is of relevance to all providers of parent training interventions for young children.

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