Stem cell therapies and benefaction of somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning in COVID-19 era

Abstract Background The global health emergency of COVID-19 has necessitated the development of multiple therapeutic modalities including vaccinations, antivirals, anti-inflammatory, and cytoimmunotherapies, etc. COVID-19 patients suffer from damage to various organs and vascular structures, so they present multiple health crises. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main body Stem cell-based therapies have been verified for prospective benefits in copious preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs confer potential benefits to develop various cell types and organoids for studying virus-human interaction, drug testing, regenerative medicine, and immunomodulatory effects in COVID-19 patients. Apart from paving the ways to augment stem cell research and therapies, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) holds unique ability for a wide range of health applications such as patient-specific or isogenic cells for regenerative medicine and breeding transgenic animals for biomedical applications. Being a potent cell genome-reprogramming tool, the SCNT has increased prominence of recombinant therapeutics and cellular medicine in the current era of COVID-19. As SCNT is used to generate patient-specific stem cells, it avoids dependence on embryos to obtain stem cells. Conclusions The nuclear transfer cloning, being an ideal tool to generate cloned embryos, and the embryonic stem cells will boost drug testing and cellular medicine in COVID-19.

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Human therapeutic cloning, pitfalls and lack luster because of rapid developments in induced pluripotent stem cell technology

Asian Biomedicine ◽

10.5372/1905-7415.0801.256 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

Song Hua ◽

Henry Chung ◽

Kuldip Sidhu

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Es Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Therapeutic Cloning ◽

Induced Pluripotent

AbstractBackground: Therapeutic cloning is the combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell (ES) techniques to create specific ES cells that match those of a patient. Because ES cells derived by nuclear transfer (SCNT ES cells) are genetically identical to the donor, it will not generate rejection by the host’s immune system and thus therapeutically may be more acceptable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from an adult somatic cell by inducing a forced expression of a set of specific pluripotent genes. In the past few years, rapid progress in reprogramming and iPS technology has been made, and it seems to shadow any progress made in SCNT programs.Objective: This review compares the application perspective of SCNT with that of iPS in regenerative medicine.Methods:We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Wiley InterScience, Springer, EBSCO, and Annual Reviews databases using the keywords “iPS”, “ES”, “SCNT” “induced pluripotent stem cells”, “embryonic stem cells”, “therapeutic cloning”, “regenerative medicine”, and “somatic cell nuclear transfer”. Only articles published in English were included in this review.Results: These two methods both have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, by using SCNT to generate patient-specific cell lines, it eliminates complications by avoiding the use of viral vectors during iPS generation. Success in in vitro matured eggs from aged women and even differentiation of oocytes from germ stem cells will further enhance the application of SCNT in regenerative medicine.Conclusion: Human SCNT may be an appropriate mean of generating patient stem cell lines for clinical therapy in the near future.

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Prospects of Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer-derived Embryonic Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine

Principles of Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.1016/b978-012369410-2.50027-9 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 456-467

Author(s):

Z. Beyhan ◽

J.B. Cibelli

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Embryonic Stem

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THERAPEUTIC CLONING – CAN WE ALL AGREE?

Think ◽

10.1017/s1477175612000152 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 11 (32) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

David Clarke

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Human Body ◽

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Therapeutic Cloning ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Ongoing Debate ◽

Stem Cell Treatment

There is ongoing debate about whether it is ethically acceptable to allow the creation of cloned embryos in order to produce human stem cells. A cloned embryo is created through a process called somatic-cell nuclear transfer, often known as ‘therapeutic’ cloning. The value of stem cells lies in their capacity to become any sort of cell in the human body. This capacity is particularly useful for treating medical conditions where stem cells can be used to repair or replace damaged tissue. The value of a cloned embryo is that the DNA from a person who needs stem cell treatment can be used to create the clone and thereby minimise the likelihood that any inserted stem cells will be rejected. Research on the use of cloned stem cells is in its earliest stage.

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Special Feature — Stem Cells

Asia-Pacific Biotech News ◽

10.1142/s0219030305000947 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 122-129

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Cell Lines ◽

Stem Cell Research ◽

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Diabetes Research ◽

Multipotent Cells ◽

Stem Cell Lines

Private Stem Cells Initiatives. Placenta-derived Multipotent Cells. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Diabetes Research Sweetened by Stem Cell License. Xeno-free Stem Cell Research. Asia’s Emerging Eminence in Stem Cell Field. UK Determined to Maintain Lead – Call for Stem Cell Fund. Chinese Scientists Achieve Stem Cell Breakthrough. Stem Cell Lines in Disarray: Shakeup for Global Research.

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A Novel Method for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer to Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Cloning and Stem Cells ◽

10.1089/clo.2005.7.265 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 265-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Danièle Pralong ◽

Krzysztof Mrozik ◽

Filomena Occhiodoro ◽

Nishanthi Wijesundara ◽

Huseyin Sumer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Somatic Cell ◽

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Novel Method

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Nuclear transfer and oocyte cryopreservation

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rd08218 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ching-Chien Chang ◽

Li-Ying Sung ◽

Tomokazu Amano ◽

X. Cindy Tian ◽

Xiangzhong Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Embryonic Stem Cells ◽

Regenerative Medicine ◽

Nuclear Transfer ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Present Review ◽

Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Therapeutic Cloning ◽

Human Oocytes

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a totipotent state through nuclear transfer or cloning, because it has been demonstrated that the oocyte has the ability to reprogramme an adult nucleus into an embryonic state that can initiate the development of a new organism. Therapeutic cloning, whereby nuclear transfer is used to derive patient-specific embryonic stem cells, embraces an entire new opportunity for regenerative medicine. However, a key obstacle for human therapeutic cloning is that the source of fresh human oocytes is extremely limited. In the present review, we propose prospective sources of human oocytes by using oocyte cryopreservation, such as an oocyte bank and immature oocytes. We also address some potential issues associated with nuclear transfer when using cryopreserved oocytes. In the future, if the efficacy and efficiency of cryopreserved oocytes are comparable to those of fresh oocytes in human therapeutic cloning, the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be invaluable and generate a great impact to regenerative medicine.

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