scholarly journals A dynamic economic model of criminal activity in the criminal law

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Seddighi Chaharborj ◽  
Babak Pourghahramani ◽  
Sarkhosh Seddighi Chaharborj
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Jacobian Matrix ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Maximum Eigenvalue ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Economic Theory Of Crime ◽  
Dynamic Economic Model

Poverty and crime are two major problem areas. The economic theory of crime shows a direct correlation between poverty and crime. In this study, we propose a model that shows the correlation between poverty and crime. Then we obtain the dynamic system of the proposed model. In the next step, we will compute the reproductive number by finding the maximum eigenvalue of Jacobian matrix to study of stability and un-stability of the presented model.

The Economics of Hacking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lung Hui ◽  
Jiali Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Equilibrium Amount ◽  
Economic Theory Of Crime ◽  
Criminal Behaviors ◽  
Classical Economic

Hacking is becoming more common and dangerous. The challenge of dealing with hacking often comes from the fact that much of our wisdom about conventional crime cannot be directly applied to understand hacking behavior. Against this backdrop, hacking studies are reviewed in view of the new features of cybercrime and how these features affect the application of the classical economic theory of crime in the cyberspace. Most findings of hacking studies can be interpreted with a parsimonious demand-and-supply framework. Hackers decide whether and how much to “supply” hacking by calculating the return on hacking over other opportunities. Defenders optimally tolerate some level of hacking risks because defense is costly. This tolerance can be interpreted as an indirect “demand” for hacking. Variations in law enforcement, hacking benefits, hacking costs, legal alternatives, private defense, and the dual-use problem can variously affect the supply or demand for hacking, and in turn the equilibrium amount of hacking in the market. Overall, it is suggested that the classical economic theory of crime remains a powerful framework to explain hacking behaviors. However, the application of this theory calls for considerations of different assumptions and driving forces, such as psychological motives and economies of scale in offenses, that are often less prevalent in conventional (offline) criminal behaviors but that tend to underscore hacking in the cyberspace.

The Economic Approach to the Analysis of Acquisitive Crimes

2007 ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tsurikov ◽  
V. Tsurikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Economic Theory Of Crime

The article analyzes the efficiency of various forms of punishment for acquisitive crimes in the light of the economic theory of crime proposed by G. S. Becker. The authors consider Russian legislation in this context and argue for the preference of the fine sanctions over the imprisonment.

An Interdisciplinary Study of Crime

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Feldman ◽  
Glenn Weisfeld
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Street Gang ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
Economic Theory Of Crime ◽  
Sociological Explanation ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

A taped interview with a former street-gang leader in Chicago is interpreted as supporting the economic theory of crime. This theory predicts that participation in crime varies directly with net benefits and inversely with the attractiveness of legitimate occupations. The alternative sociological explanation—that crime is caused by deviant personality or exceptional environment— is ambiguous. Parts of that theory are open to more than one interpretation, while its prediction that individuals do not respond to punishments or incentives is deficient.

scholarly journals Morality, Justice, and Economic Theory of Crime: A Positive-Normative Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Felipe Coelho Sigrist ◽  
Solange Regina Marin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Normative Analysis ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
Economic Theory Of Crime

The “Kouwenhoven” Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 568-704
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
International Criminal Law ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Arms Embargo ◽  
Witness Statements

Economics, trade and finance — Economic sanctions — Liberia — UN Security Council Resolutions 1343 (2001) and 1408 (2002) — Implementation of arms embargo under Dutch law — Whether sanctions regime violatedInternational criminal law — Difference between perpetrator and accomplice liability — Complicity in war crimes — Requirement that defendant promoted or facilitated the commission of war crimes — Conditional intent — Whether defendant consciously accepted the probability that war crimes would be committed in connection with his material support — Risk of doing business with a government engaged in international criminal activityInternational criminal law — Evidence — Admissibility and weight of witness statements — Factors relevant to assessing witness statements obtained in post-conflict environment — Coercion of witnesses — Whether inconsistencies in witness statements requiring acquittalInternational criminal law — Circumstances excusing unlawful conduct — National emergency — Whether violations of arms embargo and laws and customs of war justified by right to self-defence under international lawJurisdiction — Universal jurisdiction — War crimes — Prosecution of a Dutch national for offences committed abroad — Whether conduct of investigation by Dutch authorities making prosecution inadmissible — Whether amnesty scheme in Liberia barrier to prosecution — No violation of fair trial rightsWar and armed conflict — Existence of armed conflict — Whether armed conflict international or internal — Limited gap between norms applicable to international versus non-international armed conflict — Whether violations of laws and customs of war giving rise to individual criminal liability under Dutch law — The law of the Netherlands

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